Abstract
Porphyra tenera (PT) is a functional seaweed food that has been reported for health benefits such as antioxidant, immunostimulant, anti-inflammation, and hepatoprotective effects. In this study, we investigated the effect of PT extracts on gut microbiota modulation in colitis-induced mice. The mice experiment was designed as three groups including normal mice (CTL), dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-fed mice, and DSS plus PT extracts-fed mice (PTE). DSS was administrated through drinking water containing DSS for 1 week, and the PT extract was ingested into the gastrointestinal tract in mice. PT extract ameliorated the decreased body weight and colon length and improved disease activity index and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. In addition, PT extract significantly shifted the gut microbiota of mice. DSS treatment significantly increased the portion of harmful bacteria (i.e., Helicobacter, Mucipirillum, and Parasutterella) and decreased the butyrate producing bacteria (i.e., Acetatifactor, Alistipes, Oscillibacter, and Clostridium_XIVb). PT extract increased the abundance of genera Clostridium_XIVb and also enriched some of predicted metabolic activities such as glyoxylate cycle, ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway, nitrate reduction, creatinine degradation, and glycine betaine metabolism. These results suggest that PT extract may ameliorate the DSS-induced colitis inflammation through regulating the compositions and functions of gut microbiota in mice.
Highlights
Recent studies have revealed that the balance of the intestinal microbial environment plays an important role in controlling inflammation and oxidative damage in the colon
We evaluated the inhibitory effects of Porphyra tenera (PT) extracts on intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice
Previous studies reported that PT extracts increased the immune system related to natural killer (NK) cell activity in clinical demonstration model [17]
Summary
Recent studies have revealed that the balance of the intestinal microbial environment plays an important role in controlling inflammation and oxidative damage in the colon. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 988 and the mucosal immune system that plays an important role in maintaining intestinal health and preventing the development of IBD [8]. PT extracts supplementation enhanced immune function by improving natural killer cell activity without adverse effects in healthy adults [17]. PT extracts has been reported to exhibit various beneficial effects, its efficacy against inflammatory colitis and gut microbiota dysbiosis has not been investigated. We evaluated the inhibitory effects of PT extracts on intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. Administration of DSS induces mucosal damage, which shifts the gut microbiota and brings about changes in cytokine levels and other physical characteristics such as length of intestines and body weight
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