Abstract
HIV induces neuroinflammation. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of an extract from bamboo Phyllostachys edulis in the hippocampus of HIV-1 transgenic (TG) rats. Five (5) one-month-old TG rats and 5 Fisher 344 (F344) rats were fed a control diet, another 5 TG rats were fed the control diet supplemented with bamboo extract (BEX, 11 grams dry mass per 4057 Kcal). After 9 months of dietary treatment, the gene and protein expression of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), and the protein expression p65 and c-Jun were analyzed in the hippocampus. Compared to the F344 rats, the TG rats fed control diet showed significantly higher protein expression of GFAP and c-Jun, and mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β. BEX supplement to the TG rats significantly lowered protein expressions of GFAP, p65, and c-Jun, and showed a trend to decrease the protein expression of IL-1β. Compared to the TG rats, TG+BEX rats also downregulated the mRNA levels of IL-1β and TNFα. In summary, neuroinflammation mediated by the NFκB and AP-1 pathways in the hippocampus of the TG rats was effectively abolished by dietary supplement of BEX.
Highlights
Neuroinflammation is a pathogenic factor of neurological disorders, such as HIV-associated dementia (McArthur et al, 2010), Alzheimer’s disease (Hensley, 2010), and Parkinson’s disease (Hirsch and Hunot, 2009)
TG rats fed control diet showed almost 7 folds increase of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) protein level compared to Fisher 344 (F344) rats (Figure 2A and 2B, p=0.0079, Kruskal-Wallis test)
This increment was significantly inhibited by bamboo extract (BEX) supplement (p
Summary
Neuroinflammation is a pathogenic factor of neurological disorders, such as HIV-associated dementia (McArthur et al, 2010), Alzheimer’s disease (Hensley, 2010), and Parkinson’s disease (Hirsch and Hunot, 2009). Such inflammation is usually a result of prolonged activation of microglia and astrocytes, and the subsequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxidative species (ROS). Both microglia and astrocytes can be infected by HIV and serve as reservoirs for the virus (Anthony et al, 2005). The hippocampus is a major inflammation site in the brain with antiviral treatments (Anthony and Bell, 2008), as the inflammation (indicated by CD68 expression) did not seem to be alleviated by HAART as seen in the basal ganglia (Anthony et al, 2005)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.