Abstract
BackgroundThe flavonoid prunin is a flavanone glycoside found in cherry trees, including the flowering cherry Prunus yedoensis Matsumura (Rosacea). Although this compound has been studied for its antioxidant, anti-bacterial, and blood-sugar-lowering effects, no studies address its use in cosmetics. This study investigates whether prunin exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in cells exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation.MethodsThe effects of prunin were assessed by measuring cell viability using the water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 assay and free radical damage using the dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay as well as by quantitative real-time PCR.ResultsUVB-induced decrease in cell viability diminished by pretreatment with prunin in a concentration-dependent manner. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) quantitative analysis revealed that the expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), which is associated with the inflammatory response, and mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and protease-activated receptor (PAR2) decreased with prunin pretreatment in a concentration-dependent manner.ConclusionsPrunin increased the survival rate of UVB-treated human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Prunin protected the HaCaT cells, eliminated ROS, and demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, prunin is worthy of investigation for use as a cosmetic ingredient that protects the skin and has anti-inflammatory effects.
Highlights
The flavonoid prunin is a flavanone glycoside found in cherry trees, including the flowering cherry Prunus yedoensis Matsumura (Rosacea)
Cytotoxic and protective effects of prunin The water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 assay was performed to determine the cytotoxicity of prunin in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells
Treatment of the cells with prunin at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 μM revealed the following survival rates: 1 μM, 100%; 5 μM, 102%; 10 μM, 102%; 20 μM 93%, and 40 μM, 75%. These results suggest that prunin is cytotoxic at concentrations ≥ 40 μM (Fig. 1a)
Summary
The flavonoid prunin is a flavanone glycoside found in cherry trees, including the flowering cherry Prunus yedoensis Matsumura (Rosacea) This compound has been studied for its antioxidant, anti-bacterial, and blood-sugar-lowering effects, no studies address its use in cosmetics. Increased oxidative stress in the skin leads to inflammatory responses such as erythema, edema, and fever. These responses attempt to restore and regenerate wounds caused by chemical, physical, and bacterial assaults (Greaves and Sondergaard 1970; Hruza and Pentland 1993). Trypsin, a mast cell tryptase or SLGRL-NH2 (synthetic peptide) activates PAR-2 and causes extensive inflammation (Kong et al 1997)
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