Abstract
Centella asiatica has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its anti-dermatitic effect has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the anti-dermatitic effects of titrated extract of Centella asiatica (TECA) in a phthalic anhydride (PA)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) animal model as well as in vitro model. An AD-like lesion was induced by the topical application of five percent PA to the dorsal skin or ear of Hos:HR-1 mouse. After AD induction, 100 μL of 0.2% and 0.4% of TECA (40 μg or 80 μg/cm2) was spread on the dorsum of the ear or back skin three times a week for four weeks. We evaluated dermatitis severity, histopathological changes and changes in protein expression by Western blotting for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and NF-κB activity, which were determined by electromobility shift assay (EMSA). We also measured TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IgE concentration in the blood of AD mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). TECA treatment attenuated the development of PA-induced atopic dermatitis. Histological analysis showed that TECA inhibited hyperkeratosis, mast cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells. TECA treatment inhibited expression of iNOS and COX-2, and NF-κB activity as well as the release of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IgE. In addition, TECA (1, 2, 5 μg/mL) potently inhibited Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 μg/mL)-induced NO production, expression of iNOS and COX-2, and NF-κB DNA binding activities in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Our data demonstrated that TECA could be a promising agent for AD by inhibition of NF-κB signaling.
Highlights
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease inducing intense itching, edema, erythema, thickening, severe pruritus, and eczematous lesions of the skin
Mast cell activation mediated by IgE leads to a release of various chemical mediators which results in infiltration of inflammatory cells such as eosinophils and lymphocytes into the skin lesion [4]
Symptoms consisting of erythma, edema, and erosion were observed in the phthalic anhydride (PA) treated group compared with the control or vehicle treated group
Summary
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease inducing intense itching, edema, erythema, thickening, severe pruritus, and eczematous lesions of the skin. It has been reported that 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD-like skin lesion mouse model showed increased serum IgE and Th2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 [9,10]. These cytokines have direct effects on epidermal keratinocytes, which produce pro-inflammatory cytokines that induce infiltration of immune cells into inflammatory skin lesions [11].
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