Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity of Acalypha hispida Leaf and Analysis of its Major Bioactive Polyphenols by HPLC.

Md Afjalus Siraj,Hemayet Hossain,Md Golam Hossain,Ismet Ara Jahan,Shaikh Jamal Uddin,Jamil A Shilpi,Md Khirul Islam

doi:10.15171/apb.2016.039

Abstract

Inflammation and oxidative stress can lead to different chronic diseases including cancer and atherosclerosis. Many medicinal plants have the potential to show as anti-inflammatory activity. Present investigation was performed to investigate anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity, and quantification of selected bioactive plant polyphenols of the ethanol (EAH) and aqueous (AAH) extracts of Acalypha hispida (Euphorbiaceae) leaves. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carragenan and histamine induced rat paw edema models while antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging, Fe+2 chelating ability, reducing power, NO scavenging, total phenolic and total flavonoid content assay. Identification and quantification of bioactive polyphenols was done by HPLC. At the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, both EAH and AAH showed statistically significant inhibition of paw volume in the anti-inflammatory activity test. Both the extracts showed DPPH scavenging (IC50: 14 and 17 µg/ml, respectively), Fe+2 ion chelating (IC50: 40 and 46 µg/ml, respectively), NO scavenging activity (65.49 and 60.66% inhibition at 100 µg/ml), and concentration dependent reducing power ability. For EAH and AAH, flavonoid content was 126.30 and 149.72 mg QE/g dry extract, while phenolic content was 130.51 and 173.80 mg GAE/g dry extract, respectively. HPLC analysis of EAH and AAH indicated the presence of high content of ellagic acid along with other phenolic constituents. High content of ellagic acid along with other phenolic constituents might have played an important role in the observed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

Highlights

Acalypha hispida Burm.f. (Euphorbiaceae) is an erect, sparsely branched shrub, locally known as sibjhul, sibjota or jotamangshi in Bangladesh
As a part of the continuation of our research on bioactivity screening of Bangladeshi medicinal plants,[10,11,12] here we report the antiinflammatory, antioxidant activity and quantification of the major polyphenols of ethanol and water extracts of A. hispida leaves
Anti-inflammatory activity test Carrageenan-induced paw edema At the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, both EAH and AAH significantly decreased the volume of carrageenaninduced rat paw edema

Summary

Introduction

Acalypha hispida Burm.f. (Euphorbiaceae) is an erect, sparsely branched shrub, locally known as sibjhul, sibjota or jotamangshi in Bangladesh. (Euphorbiaceae) is an erect, sparsely branched shrub, locally known as sibjhul, sibjota or jotamangshi in Bangladesh. It grows in the coastal regions of Bangladesh. New Guinea, the Malay Archipelago and other islands in the East Indies.[1] It is commonly used as an ornamental plant in the garden and house. The leaves are laxative, diuretic and used in the treatment of leprosy and gonorrhea. Different part of the plant is used in infectious diarrhoea, pulmonary problems, and as an expectorant in asthma.[2] The plant contains ellagitannins namely, acalyphidins M1, M2, and D1, anthocyanins namely, cyanidin 3-O-(2′′-galloyl-β-galactopyranoside), cyanidin 3-O-(2′′-galloyl-β-galactopyranoside), and cyanidin

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