Abstract
β-thymosin is known for having 43 amino acids, being water-soluble, having a light molecular weight and ubiquitous polypeptide. The biological activities of β-thymosin are diverse and include the promotion of wound healing, reduction of inflammation, differentiation of T cells and inhibition of apoptosis. Our previous studies showed that oyster β-thymosin originated from the mantle of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas and had antimicrobial activity. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of oyster β-thymosin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells using human β-thymosin as a control. Oyster β-thymosin inhibited the nitric oxide (NO) production as much as human β-thymosin in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. It also showed that oyster β-thymosin suppressed the expression of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Moreover, oyster β-thymosin reduced inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Oyster β-thymosin also suppressed the nuclear translocation of phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and degradation of inhibitory κB (IκB) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that oyster β-thymosin, which is derived from the mantle of the Pacific oyster, has as much anti-inflammatory effects as human β-thymosin. Additionally, oyster β-thymosin suppressed NO production, PGE2 production and inflammatory cytokines expression via NF-κB in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.
Highlights
IntroductionInflammation is a defense system that removes deleterious stimuli or microbial infections
Inflammation is a defense system that removes deleterious stimuli or microbial infections.When the inflammatory responses are initiated, the damaged tissue is rapidly repaired by eliciting the appropriate signals [1]
The anti-inflammatory effects on RAW264.7 cells and the cytotoxicity of oyster and human β-thymosin was examined on the human keratinocyte HaCaT cells by MTT
Summary
Inflammation is a defense system that removes deleterious stimuli or microbial infections. When the inflammatory responses are initiated, the damaged tissue is rapidly repaired by eliciting the appropriate signals [1]. Inflammation has relevance to numerous diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, chronic bronchitis, asthma, and cancer [2,3]. Macrophages are activated by T cell products, endocytosis, and cytokines, which are affected by several extracellular signals [4,5]. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known as an endotoxin in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
