Abstract
Objective: Neuracanthus sphaerostachyus has been traditionally used to treat skin diseases, cough, and asthma. Lack of sufficient scientific evidence indicating the utility of this plant in the treatment of inflammation prompted us to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the plant in different experimental screening methods.
 Methods: In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic and aqueous extracts of N. sphaerostachyus (MENS and AENS) leaves at doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg was evaluated with albumin denaturation and carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats and acetic acid-induced increased vascular permeability in mice.
 Results: Methanolic and aqueous extract significantly inhibited protein denaturation as well as edema induced by carrageenan and vascular permeability in mice dose dependently. Aspirin (0.1 mg/ml), indomethacin (10 mg/kg), and dexamethasone (5 mg/kg) were used as a standard control.
 Conclusion: It is concluded that MENS and AENS leaves exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity.
Highlights
Inflammation is the response to harmful stimuli which includes irritants, various pathogens, or damaged body cells from vascular tissues and it serves as a complex biological response
Chemicals Carrageenan, indomethacin, and acetic acid were procured from Chemdyes Corporation, Rajkot
Albumin denaturation technique MENS was significantly effective in inhibiting heat-induced albumin denaturation at 500 μg/ml dose with 76.29% inhibition
Summary
Inflammation is the response to harmful stimuli which includes irritants, various pathogens, or damaged body cells from vascular tissues and it serves as a complex biological response. Tissue exhibits a protective attempt to remove the injurious stimuli as well as to initiate the healing process. Wounds and infections due to microorganisms would never heal without inflammation, and tissue may compromise its own survival. Current treatment shows availability of a wide range of medicines such as opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with certain limitations while being used. The ancient traditional system can be opted to minimize the side effects of allopathic drugs. While focusing on the biological activities of plants during the past decade, it shows the presence of plenty of compounds with anti-inflammatory potential [1,2]
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