Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of one synthetic product, N-(3-Florophenyl)ethylcaffeamide (abbrev. FECA), by using animal model of λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of FECA was determined by measuring the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the edema paw tissue, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GRd) in the liver. The results showed that FECA reduced the paw edema at three, four and five hours after λ-carrageenan administration. The levels of COX-2, NO, TNF-α, and MDA in the λ-carrageenan-induced edema paws were reduced and the activities of SOD, GPx, and GRd in liver tissues were raised by FECA. These results suggested that FECA possessed anti-inflammatory activities and the anti-inflammatory mechanisms might be related to the decrease of the levels of COX-2, NO, and TNF-α in inflamed tissues and the increase in the MDA level by increasing the activities of SOD, GPx, and GRd.
Highlights
Inflammatory reaction, typically characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, is one of the most important host defense mechanisms against invading pathogens
FECA (10 and 20 mg/kg) and Indo (20 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the development of paw edema induced by carrageenan after three, four and five hours of treatment (p < 0.01–0.001)
Each value was represented as mean ±S.E.M. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 when compared to the λ-carrageenan (Carr.) group
Summary
Inflammatory reaction, typically characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, is one of the most important host defense mechanisms against invading pathogens. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) are produced in large quantities by activated macrophages/monocytes that stimulate cellular responses via increasing prostaglandins (PGs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Inflammatory effect results in the accumulation of MDA [1]. Many naturally occurring compounds, such as CAPE (caffeic acid phenethyl ester), resveratrol, quercetin, theaflavin, and curcumin are structurally similar to polyphenol, which is successfully employed in the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases [2], including suppressing hepatic gluconeogenesis, stimulating glucose uptake, antihyperglycemia, and antiobesity effects [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. CAPE is one of the major components of honeybee propolis and appears to exhibit antioxidant [11], anti-inflammatory [12], proapoptotic [13], antiviral [14], and immunomodulatory properties [15]. The anti-inflammatory effect of FECA is worthy of our continued investigation
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
