Abstract
Objective: To find the anti inflammatory active compounds from methanol extract of Garcinia cowa. Methods: To evaluate the inhibitory activity of isolated compounds on nitric oxide (NO) production, culture media was assayed using Griess reaction. An equal volume of Griess reagent (1% sulphanilamide and 0.1% N-(L-naphthyl)-ethylene diamine dihydrochloride, dissolved in 2.5% H3PO4) was mixed with culture supernatant and color development was measured at 550 nm using a micro plate reader. The amount of nitrite in the culture supernatant was calculated from a standard curve (0–100 μM) of sodium nitrite freshly prepared in deionized water. Percentage of the NO inhibition was calculated by using nitrate level of IFN-γ/LPS-induced group as the control. Results: Isolated compounds, tetraprenyltoluquinone, rubraxanthone and α-mangostin from stem bark of Garcinia cowa Roxb were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity. Only α-mangostin exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity with 83.42 % inhibition of NO and without inducing severe cytotoxicity at 50 μM. Rubraxanthone showed weak inhibition of NO with 23.86 % inhibition of NO while maintained 77.32 % of cell viability. TPTQ also showed the strong inhibition of NO with 80.98 % inhibition but unfortunately this compound also induced severe cytotoxicity with 39.62% viability. Conclusion: α-Mangostin exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity without inducing severe cytotoxicity at 50 μM. Rubraxanthone showed weak inhibition of NO while Tetraprenyltoluquinone also showed the strong inhibition of NO however this compound also induced severe cytotoxicity.
Highlights
The inflammatory disease as manifested in rheumatism, allergies and asthma is increasing
Isolated compounds, tetraprenyltoluquinone, rubraxanthone and α-mangostin from stem bark of Garcinia cowa Roxb were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity
Tetraprenyltoluquinone, rubraxanthone and α-mangostin from stem bark of Garcinia cowa Roxb were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity
Summary
The inflammatory disease as manifested in rheumatism, allergies and asthma is increasing. Several different steroids and NSAIDS such as celecoxib, aspirin, ibuprofen, and phenylbutazole have been approved for treatment of inflammatory conditions, most of them have side effects, especially when consumed over long periods of time.[1] the empirical approach to discover new drugs with less side effects via the systematic screening of plants extracts still remains an interesting strategy to find new lead compounds.[2]. The methanol extracts of eight species of different parts of Garcinia spp. were evaluated for their cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity using MTT and Griess assay method, respectively.[3] Ethanol extract of the stem bark of G. cowa active on T47D breast cancer cell. Several compounds, [2E ,6E ,10E ]-(+)-4b -hydroxy-3-methyl-5b -(3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2,6,10,14-hexadecatetraenyl2-cyclohexen-1-one (1), 6-hydroxycalabaxanthone (2), 2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,5,6-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-4-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-9H-xanthen-. 9-one (3), rubraxanthone (4), α-mangostin (5), a new compound 1,3,6-trihydoxy-7-methoxy-4-(4acetoxy-3-methyl-2-butenyl)-8-(3,7-dimethyl2,6-octadienyl)xanthone (6) and cowanin (7) were isolated from this part.5,6In this paper anti inflammatory study of isolated compound from the stem bark of G. cowa was reported
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