Abstract
BackgroundMushrooms are well recognized for their culinary properties as well as for their potency to enhance immune response. In the present study, we evaluated anti-inflammatory properties of an edible oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in vitro and in vivo.MethodsRAW264.7 murine macrophage cell line and murine splenocytes were incubated with the oyster mushroom concentrate (OMC, 0-100 μg/ml) in the absence or presence of lipopolysacharide (LPS) or concanavalin A (ConA), respectively. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. Expression of cytokines and proteins was measured by ELISA assay and Western blot analysis, respectively. DNA-binding activity was assayed by the gel-shift analysis. Inflammation in mice was induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS.ResultsOMC suppressed LPS-induced secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-12p40 from RAW264.7 macrophages. OMC inhibited LPS-induced production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO) through the down-regulation of expression of COX-2 and iNOS, respectively. OMC also inhibited LPS-dependent DNA-binding activity of AP-1 and NF-κB in RAW264.7 cells. Oral administration of OMC markedly suppressed secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in mice challenged with LPS in vivo. Anti-inflammatory activity of OMC was confirmed by the inhibition of proliferation and secretion of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-2, and IL-6 from concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated mouse splenocytes.ConclusionsOur study suggests that oyster mushroom possesses anti-inflammatory activities and could be considered a dietary agent against inflammation. The health benefits of the oyster mushroom warrant further clinical studies.
Highlights
Mushrooms are well recognized for their culinary properties as well as for their potency to enhance immune response
We examined the anti-inflammatory effects of the oyster mushroom on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, isolated murine splenocytes, and in mice challenged with LPS
Oyster mushroom concentrate (OMC) suppresses LPS-dependent induction of cytokines and inflammatory mediators in macrophages To assess whether OMC possesses anti-inflammatory activity in vitro, we first determined whether OMC affects the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages exposed to inflammatory stimuli
Summary
Mushrooms are well recognized for their culinary properties as well as for their potency to enhance immune response. Polysaccharides, mainly a- or b-glucans, protein-bound polysaccharides, or glycoproteins, demonstrated immunomodulatory activities through (i) increased production of cytokines (IL-10, IL-12p70 and IL-12p40) by dendritic cells (DC), (ii) activation of natural killer (NK) cells, and (iii) increased production of TNF-a, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL12p40, and NO, and expression of iNOS by macrophages [18]. The majority of these studies were performed with medicinal (Ganoderma lucidum, Phellinus linteus) or edible (Agaricus blazei, Grifola frondosa) mushrooms [18]. An edible white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) enhanced NK cell activity in mice through the increased production of IFN-g which induced maturation of dendritic cells, and TNF-a, which increased production of IL-12 [19,20]
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