Anti-inflammatory activity and toxicity evaluation of 1,3-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)urea

Abstract

Background: Inflammation is a normal protective response caused by an injury or tissue damage, through physical trauma, damaging chemicals, or invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. One of the modified p-aminophenol compounds is 1,3-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)urea, which was estimated to have more potent analgesic activity and fewer hepatotoxic side effects than paracetamol. When the lipophilicity of this compound increases between 1.8 to 4.4, it is observed to serve as an anti-inflammatory agent. Therefore, the determination of safety precaution is very necessary while testing for the toxicity effect of 1,3-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)urea. This is due to the effectiveness and safety of suitable drugs. Methods: An anti-inflammatory test was carried out by measuring the percentage of inflammation in rats, after the administration of 1,3-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)urea was previously induced by the carrageenan solution intraplantar and the analysis of neutrophil values through a plethysmometer and Hematoxylin-Eosin method. Also, an acute toxicity test was performed by administering this p-aminophenol compound to female rats for 24 h and observed for 14 days. In addition, a subchronic toxicity test was conducted on male and female rats for 28 days, with continuous observations carried out for 42 days. Results: The doses of 1,3-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)urea at 50, 100, and 200 mg/Kg BW, had anti-inflammatory activity compared to diclofenac sodium at 2.25 mg/Kg BW. Also, there is no toxicity and animal death symptoms were observed in the acute and subchronic tests. Conclusion: This 1,3-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)urea compound had an anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low toxicity.