Antihypertensives’ Rock around the Clock

Ognjenka Rahić,Lamija Hindija,Jasmina Hadžiabdić,Merima Sirbubalo,Amina Tucak

doi:10.3390/j4010005

Abstract

Although homeostasis is a commonly accepted concept, there is incontrovertible evidence that biological processes and functions are variable and that variability occurs in cycles. In order to explain and understand dysregulation, which has not been embraced by homeostatic principles, the allostatic model has emerged as the first serious challenge to homeostasis, going beyond its homeostatic roots. Circadian rhythm is the predominant variation in the body, and it is a pattern according to which many physiological and pathological events occur. As there is strong experimental and clinical evidence that blood pressure fluctuations undergo circadian rhythm, there is equally strong evidence that targeted time therapy for hypertension provides a better outcome of the disease. The research has gone even further throughout the development and approval process for the use of pulsatile drug release systems, which can be considered as an option for an even more convenient dosage regimen of the medicines needed.

Highlights

There is a well-known and generally accepted assumption that homeostasis is a basic concept in biology and medicine
Allostasis is accepted by many scientists who have recognized its undeniable advantages over homeostasis [2]
Since allostatic load and overload can lead to various health disorders, including elevated blood pressure, it was of particular interest to us to present physiological and pathophysiological variations in blood pressure in order to justify the chronotherapeutic approach to the treatment of hypertension, since chronotherapy involves targeted delivery of drugs at a specific time and studies presented later in the paper support the application of chronotherapeutic principles in the treatment of hypertension

Summary

Introduction

There is a well-known and generally accepted assumption that homeostasis is a basic concept in biology and medicine. Over the past fifty years, it has been clearly proven that biological processes and functions are not constant but are characterized by variability This variability can be predicted as it occurs in cycles, which are of endogenous origin and occur even without external stimuli [1]. Many researchers mistakenly confused the homeostatic model with the one that defines and maintains the constant conditions in the body This misunderstanding may be due to the terms used by Bernard (1870) and Cannon (1929), the creators of the homeostasis model, who used the French word “fixité” which was wrongly translated as consistency rather than stability. The homeostatic model had to be modified and adapted to explain as many situations as the body could be confronted with In view of these assumptions, the allostatic model was introduced by Sterling and Eyer, according to which “stability is achieved through change” [3]. This approach to a case goes hand in hand with the maxim that “the only constant in life is change” (Heraclitus)

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