Abstract
We investigated the antihypertensive effects of Artemisia scoparia (AS) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The rats were fed diets containing 2% (w/w) hot water extracts of AS aerial parts for 6 weeks. The AS group had significantly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels than the control group. The AS group also had lower angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) activity and angiotensin II content in serum compared to the control group. The AS group showed higher vascular endothelial growth factor and lower ras homolog gene family member A expression levels in kidney compared to the control group. The AS group had significantly lower levels of plasma lipid oxidation and protein carbonyls than the control group. One new and six known compounds were isolated from AS by guided purification. The new compound was determined to be 4′-O-β-d-glucopyranoyl (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl benzoate, based on its nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy data.
Highlights
High blood pressure is a risk factor for stroke, coronary heart disease and renal vascular disease [1,2]
We evaluated the antihypertensive effects of Artemisia scoparia (AS) and ASG in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), which have been widely used as an animal model for evaluating the antihypertensive effects of natural products or foods [29]
The blood pressure of ASG diet group, which was prepared with the addition of garlic to AS, was similar to AS diet group during the diet
Summary
High blood pressure is a risk factor for stroke, coronary heart disease and renal vascular disease [1,2]. Many studies have indicated that foods such as fruits and vegetables have blood pressure-lowering abilities [3,4,5]. Halophytes accumulate large amounts of essential minerals, amino acids, and phytochemicals, such as phenolic acids and flavonoids [10,11,12] These plants accumulate various secondary metabolites including antioxidative compounds with multiple biochemical functions such as the maintenance of ion homeostasis and cell protection in response to saline stress [13,14]. The addition of garlic to AS was expected to synergistically increase the high blood pressure prevention effects more than AS alone. Understanding the chemical constituents of AS is very important in acquiring basic information on blood pressure-lowering ability and the value of this plant as food. The isolation and identification of ACE inhibitors from AS aerial parts, using purification guided by an ACE inhibitory assay, were performed
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