Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy, which affects 7 to 9% of the world's population and that is usually accompanied by anxiety and depression, is chronic pain that results from impaired function of the central or peripheral nervous system. This study aimed at evaluating the antihypernociceptive, antiallodynic, anxiolytic, and antidepressant effects of Dissotis thollonii extracts. Diabetic neuropathy was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (200 mg/kg) in mice. The aqueous and ethanol extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg) were administered orally. Hyperalgesia (thermal and chemical), allodynia (mechanical and thermal), anxiety (high plus labyrinth, light-dark box, and social interaction), and depression (open field test, suspension test tail, and forced swimming test) were evaluated, and then the levels of some cytokines and growth factors were determined. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of Dissotis thollonii demonstrated significant antihypernociceptive (inhibition of hyperalgesia and allodynia), anxiolytic, and antidepressant activities in mice made diabetic by STZ. The extracts also significantly inhibited (p < 0.001) the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the blood as well as the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IGF, and NGF in the sciatic nerve. This study shows that the extracts of Dissotis thollonii have antihypernociceptive and neuroprotective effects which could be linked to the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors in the blood and the sciatic nerve.
Highlights
Diabetes is one of the most common chronic medical conditions with several complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy
Neuropathic pain is a form of chronic pain that results from damage or abnormal function of the central or peripheral nervous system. e main consequence of diabetic neuropathy is pain, and neuropatic pain is chronic pain characterized by hyperalgesia and allodynia [3, 4]
In our continuous search for bioactive extracts of plants used in traditional Cameroonian medicine [27] and in order to support and improve the traditional use of D. thollonii, we were committed to carrying out this study on antihypernociceptive, anxiolytic, and antidepressant properties of extracts of leaves of D. thollonii on the model of diabetic neuropathy induced by injection of STZ in mice
Summary
Diabetes is one of the most common chronic medical conditions with several complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Ere are several treatment options for diabetic neuropathic pain, namely, pharmacological treatments (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, calcium channel ligand (pregabalin), opioid analgesics, tramadol, and lidocaine), transcutaneous nerve stimulation, neurosurgery, and alternative and behavioral treatments [16, 17], with pharmacological treatment as the dominant option for chronic pain [18] All these treatments are limited for lack of effectiveness for some or for producing side effects for others, leading to incomplete remission in patients who are called upon to still live with pain [17, 19], the need to find more effective, safer treatments with no side effects and capable of targeting the underlying mechanism of pain [18, 20, 21]. In our continuous search for bioactive extracts of plants used in traditional Cameroonian medicine [27] and in order to support and improve the traditional use of D. thollonii, we were committed to carrying out this study on antihypernociceptive, anxiolytic, and antidepressant properties of extracts of leaves of D. thollonii on the model of diabetic neuropathy induced by injection of STZ in mice
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