Abstract
Atherosclerosis plays a pivotal role in various cardiovascular disorders. Most of the antiatherogenic currently available drugs are associated with many side effects than plant derived formulations. Tephrosia villosa (Fabaceae) plant is being used traditionally, in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, diabetes, jaundice and used as antioxidant and antimicrobial. The objective of the current experiment is to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic potency of chloroform (CETV) and ethanolic extract of Tephrosia villosa (EETV) in acute (Triton WR-1339 induced) and chronic (cholesterol diet-induced) hyperlipidemia models. Simvastatin, standard drug used to compare the effect of the both extracts at 125mg/kg, 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg b.w). The serum lipid parameters were analysed using enzymatic kits. The preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts of Tephrosia villosa showed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, saponins, coumarins, glycosides and alkaloids. In acute model, the pretreatment with both extracts for 7 days showed significant reduction (p<0.001) in serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and subsequent rise (p<0.01) in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels after 24h tritonisation in hyperlipidemic rats. Similarly, in chronic hyperlipidemia model, all the lipid (TG, TC, LDL-C & VLDL-C) levels were reduced significantly (p<0.001) with successive rise in HDL-C level after 30 days of study with 15 days of extract treatment. The current study indicates the antihyperlipidemic activity of Tephrosia villosa is probably due to the phenolic constituents in extracts, which may inhibit HMG CoA reductase or activate lipoprotein lipase and lecithin acyl transferase (LCAT). The results would provide a larger insight in design and development of newer therapeutics for a wide arena of lifestyle disorders.
Highlights
Hyperlipidemia is defined as alterations in lipid metabolism characterised by collateral increase in plasma lipids such as phospholipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C and VLDL-C and HDL-C (Nelson et al, 2013; Kreisberg et al, 2005; Sikarwar et al, 2014)
The results show that, on 15th day of serum analysis there is a highly significant (p< 0.001) rise in TC, VLDL-C, LDL-C TG levels and alleviation in HDL-C levels, in all the groups compared to normal control (NC) group
Hyperlipidemia is termed as disorder of lipid metabolism characterised by abnormal rise of serum lipid parameter such as TG, TC, LDL-C and VLDL-C, which are accompanied by atherosclerosis and many other cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (Sikarwar et al, 2014; Khazaal, 2013)
Summary
Hyperlipidemia is defined as alterations in lipid metabolism characterised by collateral increase in plasma lipids such as phospholipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C and VLDL-C and HDL-C (Nelson et al, 2013; Kreisberg et al, 2005; Sikarwar et al, 2014) It is generally classified as primary (Familial) which could be due to genetics, and secondary caused by underlying disorder. There are many pharmaceutical products available for therapeutic management of hyperlipidemia, many people prefer the nutraceuticals due to their lesser side effects, less expensive and its natural (Santini et al, 2017). This favour the discovery of new lead molecule in treating hyperlipidemia of various aetiology through different regulating mechanism (Gupta et al, 2018). The curiosity about the plant derived medicine has been special interest for researcher and for many pharmaceutical companies who are concentrating on substantial research on plants products for their medicinal value (Kumar et al, 2016)
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