Antihyperglycemic, Antihyperlipidemic and Antiapoptotic Activities of Micromelum minutum Seeds in Diabetic Rats

Khaled Mm Koriem

doi:10.4172/1747-0862.s1-004

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases in the whole world. It is a complex, multi-factorial disease which affects the quality, quantity, and style of an individual’s life. The Micromelum minutum (Family Rutaceae) is a small shrub growing widely in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. In the present study the evaluation of the anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-apoptotic activities of Micromelum minutum seeds ethanolic extract in diabetic rats was done. After 30 days of administration the dose (100 mg/kg body weight (bwt) of ethanolic extract of the Micromelum minutum seeds and 25 mg/kg bwt Microminutinin coumarin there was a significant decrease in serum glucose levels; while following two months of administration of the same doses of the seeds extract and coumarin induced a significant decrease in the cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and increase in the high density lipoprotein (HDL) level. The treatment with Micromelum minutum seeds extract and its coumarin ingredient to diabetic rats increased p53 expression while decreased bcl-2 expression. Histopathological investigation revealed that Micromelum minutum seeds ethanolic extract (100 mg/kg) and Microminutinin coumarin (25 mg/kg bwt) treatment also increased the number of pancreas β-cells as compared to that of diabetic animals. In conclusion, Micromelum minutum seeds ethanolic extract had anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-apoptotic activities and all these activities are related to Microminutinin coumarin ingredient of the plant seeds.

Highlights

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases in the whole world
Insulin stimulates muscle and fat cells to remove glucose from the blood and stimulates the liver to convert glucose to glycogen, causing the blood sugar level to decrease to the normal level and stimulate pancreas to secret glucagon hormone to increase blood glucose level where glucagon causes the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and high amount of glucose is circulating in the blood
It is clear that there is a significant decrease in serum glucose levels after 15 and 30 days of administration of both extract and coumarin

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases in the whole world. It is a complex, multi-factorial disease which affects the quality, quantity, and style of an individual’s life [1]. When the amount of blood glucose in the blood increases, for example, after a meal, it triggers the release of the hormone insulin from the pancreas. Insulin stimulates muscle and fat cells to remove glucose from the blood and stimulates the liver to convert glucose to glycogen, causing the blood sugar level to decrease to the normal level and stimulate pancreas to secret glucagon hormone to increase blood glucose level where glucagon causes the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and high amount of glucose is circulating in the blood (hyperglycemia). Hyperglycemia can be handed initially with oral synthetic agent and insulin therapy These synthetic agents produce some serious side effects and are relatively expensive for developing countries [3,4]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion