Antihyperglycemic, Antidiabetic, and Antioxidant Effects of Garcinia pedunculata in Rats.

Md Yousuf Ali,Md Sabir Hossain,Md Sakib Hossen,Md Ibrahim Khalil,Sudip Paul,Nikhil Chandra Bhoumik,Nur-E Noushin Rumpa,Nadia Alam,E M Tanvir,Md Aminul Islam,Moumoni Saha,Siew Hua Gan

doi:10.1155/2017/2979760

Abstract

The antihyperglycemic, antidiabetic, and antioxidant potentials of the methanolic extract of Garcinia pedunculata (GP) fruit in rats were investigated. The acute antihyperglycemic effect of different doses of GP was studied in normal male Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection in another cohort of male Wistar rats and they showed significantly higher blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, altered lipid profiles, and lower insulin levels compared to nondiabetic control animals. There were increased lipid peroxidation and reduced levels of cellular antioxidant enzymes in different tissues of diabetic rats. However, oral administration of GP extracts, especially the highest dose (1000 mg/kg), significantly ameliorated hyperglycemia (42%); elevated insulin levels (165%); decreased HbA1c (29.4%); restored lipid levels (reduction in TG by 25%, TC by 15%, and LDL-C by 75% and increase in HDL-C by 4%), liver and renal function markers, and lipid peroxidation (reduction by 52% in the liver, 39% in the kidney, 44% in the heart, and 46% in the pancreas); and stimulated tissue antioxidant enzymes to near normalcy. Overall, the findings suggest that GP fruit is effective against hyperglycemia and could be used in the treatment of diabetes and its complications and other oxidative stress-mediated pathological conditions.

Highlights

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifarious, degenerative endocrine disease associated with reduced insulin secretion and activity due to damage to pancreatic β-cells and/or reduced insulin sensitivity, affecting carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism [1]
Animals treated with glibenclamide and fruit extracts showed marked decreases in blood glucose level compared with normal control animals, beginning only 1 hour after glucose administration
The rats given glibenclamide and Garcinia pedunculata (GP) at 500 and 1000 mg/kg doses showed significant reductions in blood glucose level compared with the normal control rats at each time point (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifarious, degenerative endocrine disease associated with reduced insulin secretion and activity due to damage to pancreatic β-cells and/or reduced insulin sensitivity, affecting carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism [1]. DM is a growing public health concern all over the world. The issue of how to control this complex disorder warrants much concern. Researchers around the world are doing extensive research to find alternative therapies for DM with low side effects and low cost. Medicinal plants and their products have been considered an excellent source for alternative medicine to treat DM by virtue of their active phytochemical constituents. The benefits of a natural medicinal product may be due to a single phytocompound or, more preferably, a synergistic effect of multiple phytochemicals

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