Antihyperglycemic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Standardized Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. Extract and Its Active Compound Xanthorrhizol in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

Mi-Bo Kim,Youngwoo Song,Changhee Kim,Jae-Kwan Hwang

doi:10.1155/2014/205915

Mi-Bo Kim, Youngwoo Song + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/205915

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Abstract

Xanthorrhizol, a natural compound isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (Java turmeric), has been reported to possess antioxidant and anticancer properties; however, its effects on metabolic disorders remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of xanthorrhizol (XAN) and C. xanthorrhiza extract (CXE) with standardized XAN on hyperglycemia and inflammatory markers in high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese mice. Treatment with XAN (10 or 25 mg/kg/day) or CXE (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) significantly decreased fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels in HFD-induced obese mice. XAN and CXE treatments also lowered insulin, glucose, free fatty acid (FFA), and triglyceride (TG) levels in serum. Epididymal fat pad and adipocyte size were decreased by high doses of XAN (26.6% and 20.1%) and CXE (25.8% and 22.5%), respectively. XAN and CXE treatment also suppressed the development of fatty liver by decreasing liver fat accumulation. Moreover, XAN and CXE significantly inhibited production of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in adipose tissue (27.8–82.7%), liver (43.9–84.7%), and muscle (65.2–92.5%). Overall, these results suggest that XAN and CXE, with their antihyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities, might be used as potent antidiabetic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Highlights

The worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes is related to increased rates of obesity
The fasting blood glucose levels of the XAN 10 and 25 treatment groups decreased by 21.8% and 33.0%, respectively, as compared to the HFD control group, and fasting blood glucose levels of the C. xanthorrhiza extract (CXE) 50 and 100 groups decreased by 28.5% and 31.2%, respectively
The results suggest that XAN and CXE prevent the recruitment of immune cells to adipose tissue through downregulation of inflammatory cytokine genes

Summary

Introduction

The worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes is related to increased rates of obesity. Insulin-resistant states are considered to be chronic low-grade inflammation states, including increased production of proinflammatory molecules such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in adipose tissue, liver, and muscle [1, 5, 6]. These proinflammatory cytokine levels are elevated in insulin target tissues and blood from obese rodents, and neutralization of inflammatory cytokines improves insulin sensitivity. These inflammatory factors negatively regulate insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, blunt the insulinstimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1), and reduce transcription of key targets in Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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