Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate antihyperglycaemi cand antihyperlipidemic activities of <i>Pleiogynium timorense</i> (DC.) Leenh (Anacardiaceae) seeds as well as to isolate and identify the bioactive compounds. Antihyperglycaemic effect was evaluated by measuring the effect of two dose levels (150 and 300 mg/kg) of 70% methanol extract of <i>Pleiogynium timorense</i> seeds on the blood glucose level. In addition, the effect of the plant extract on the lipid profile was determined by measuring serum total lipids (TL), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Furthermore, the bioactive compounds were isolated and identified by chromatographic and spectrometric methods. The results showed that the methanolic extract of the seeds significantly reduced the levels of blood glucose, (TL), (TC), (TG) and (LDL-C) but no significant effect on (HDL-C) by comparing with control group. Furthermore, four phenolic compound were isolated which were identified as; catechin, gallic acid, paramethoxybenzaldehyde and pyrogallol which were isolated for the first time from the seeds of the plant. In addition sulphur -containing compound (sulpholane) was isolated for the first time from the plant and from the family. To our knowledge, this is the first study about antihyperglycaemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of the seeds of <i>Pleiogynium timorense</i> and its bioactive compounds. So, the methanolic extract of the seeds of <i>Pleiogynium timorense</i> could be a step towards the development of new antihyperglycaemic and antihyperlipidemic drugs.
Highlights
Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases in the world
The methanolic extract of the seeds of Pleiogynium timorense could be a step towards the development of new antihyperglycaemic and antihyperlipidemic drugs
Previous report showed that the methanol extract of the leaves revealed a potent hypoglycemic activity [8]
Summary
Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases in the world. It involves great disturbance in glucose and lipid metabolism and it causes many side effects [1, 2]. Anacardiaceae is known as the sumac or cashew family, it containsabout genera and 850 species. The genus Pleiogynium contains only one species with different scientific and common names, it is well known as Gambozia [7]. Was reported to have various biological activities, the leaves showed antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycaemic activities [8, 9]. The pericarp and seeds of Pleiogynium showed anti-inflammatory, analgesic antioxidant, hepatic and nephro-protective activities, in
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