Abstract
The study of ethanolic crude extracts from the leaves of devil tree (Alstonia scholaris) were extracted by 95% ethanol and used at six concentrations (0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 and 2.5 g/L). The six concentrations of devil tree crude extracts were tested on the inhibitory on seed germination and seedling growth of six tested crops (mimosa (Mimosa pigra), chinese kale (Brassica oleracea), amaranthus (Amaranthus viridis), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), weedy rice (Oryza sativa) and waxy corn (Zea mays). Inhibitory of five characteristics (seed germination, shoot length, root length, seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight) were recorded. The results showed that all crude extracts of devil tree (0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 and 2.5 g/L concentrations) inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of six tested plants for 9-100% inhibition. whereas, the devil tree crude extracts at 2.5 g/L concentration showed the highest inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth in term of shoot length, root length, seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight characteristics at 100% inhibition against three tested plants (mimosa, chinese kale as well as amaranthus). A raise of concentration of devil tree crude extracts showed increased inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth in six tested plants. The result is showed the antigerminative effects of devil tree (A. scholaris) as well as suggested that the utilization of the ethanolic crude extracts from the leaves of devil tree (A. scholaris) so as to weed management.
Highlights
Allelopathic activity is the mechanism of the interaction between life communities in environmental condition (Sawatdikarn, 2020)
The devil tree crude extracts at 2.5 g/L concentration exhibited that the highest inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth in term of shoot length, root length, seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight characteristics at 100% inhibition against mimosa plant
The allelopathic effects of devil tree (A. scholaris) crude extracts were reported by Javaid et al (2010) exhibited that the allelopathic potential of the leaves extract from devil tree (A. scholaris) inhibited of seed germination and seedling growth against pathenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus)
Summary
Allelopathic activity is the mechanism of the interaction between life communities (crop species and weed species) in environmental condition (Sawatdikarn, 2020). Allelopathic activity in the environmental conditions comprise four groups of interaction included crop-crop species interaction, crop-weed species interaction, weed-crop species interaction and weed-weed species interaction (Sawatdikarn, 2017). Allelochemical substances caused to allelopathic activity (Julio et al, 2019). Several crops and weeds have strong allelopathic activity, For example of some crops namely sorgoleone is the most allelochemical compound of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) exuded by root plants (Jabran et al, 2015). The phenolic acid is the most allelochemical compound of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) exuded by leaves and stems parts (Naseem et al, 2009) the phenolic compounds included hydoxy benzoic acid, genistic acid, cafffeic acid and ferulic acid are the main allelochemical compound from tuber of purple nut sedge (Cyperus rotundus) (Ameena et al, 2015) as well as momilactone A and momilactone B are the most allelochemical compounds of rice (Oryza sativa) induced by leaves plants (Amb and Ahluwalia, 2016)
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