Antigerminative Effects of Ethanolic Crude Extracts from Devil Tree (Alstonia scholaris) on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth against Selected Plants

The crude extracts from the stems of red spragle (Leptochloa chinensis) were extracted by ethyl acetate and used at six concentrations (0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 and 2.5 g/L). The six concentrations of red spragle crude extracts were tested on the inhibitory on seed germination and seedling growth of seven tested plants (popping pod (Ruellia tuberosa, chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis), chinese kale (Brassica oleracea), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), amaranthus (Amaranthus viridis), weedy rice (Oryza sativa) and waxy corn (Zea mays). Inhibitory of five characteristics (seed germination, shoot length, root length, seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight) were recorded. The results revealed that all crude extracts of red spragle (0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 and 2.5 g/L concentrations) inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of seven tested plants for 9-100% inhibition. whereas, the red spragle crude extracts at 2.5 g/L concentration showed the completely excellent of inhibition (100% inhibition) of seed germination and seedling growth in term of shoot length, root length, seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight characteristics against four tested plants (popping pod, chinese cabbage, chinese kale and amaranthus). The increasing of concentration of red spragle crude extracts showed increased of inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth in seven tested plants. This result displayed the herbicidal potential of red spragle (L. chinensis) against seven tested plants as well as suggested that the utilized of the crude extracts from the stem of red spragle (L. chinensis) as bioherbicides application in order to weed control.

Natural herbicide is considered as a sustainable approach for weed management in agriculture. Here, allelopathic activities of Piper betle L. extract (BE) and known allelochemical eugenol (EU) were studied against rice and associated weeds in terms of germination and seedling growth. Five plant species including a rice crop (Oryza sativa L.); a dicot weed, false daisy (Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.); and three monocot weeds, barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.), swollen fingergrass (Chloris barbata Sw.), and weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea Roshev.) were studied. The paper-based results demonstrated that BE and EU had inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling growth. The IC50 values of BE and EU for seed germination were ranked from swollen fingergrass, to false daisy, barnyard grass, rice, and weedy rice, respectively. The ratio of root to shoot length of the seedlings indicated that the roots were more affected by the treatments than the shoots. In addition, the gel-based results showed the reduction of the rice seedling root system, especially on lateral root length and the numbers upon the treatments. Taken together, BE had an allelopathic activity similar to that of EU. Interestingly, the major paddy weed, barnyard grass, was more sensitive to BE than rice, underlining BE as a natural herbicide in rice agriculture.

The allelopathic potential of the Tamarindus indica L. leaf was investigated through bioassay guided studies using several weed and edible crop species. Both radicle and hypocotyl growth of all the plant species tested was strongly inhibited by the tamarind leaf using a sandwich method. The growth of weed species was reduced more than that of edible crop species. Among the weed species, barnyard grass followed by white clover, and in the edible crop species, lettuce followed by radish ranked top in terms of growth inhibition. Different concentrations of tamarind leaf crude water-soluble extract exhibited a strong inhibition in all the plant species tested and, by contrast, the magnitude of inhibition in the weed species was higher than in edible crop species and ranged from 30–75%. The 10% concentration of the tamarind leaf crude water-soluble extract was most potent against growth of seedlings. The concentrations of the nutrient components were linearly correlated with an increase in the concentration of tamarind leaf crude water-soluble extract. No significant changes in either pH or EC were found in the variations of different concentrations of tamarind leaf crude water-soluble extracts. As compared to control, growth of both radicle and hypocotyl in weed (barnyard grass and white clover) and in edible crop (lettuce and radish) species were significantly reduced when blended tamarind leaves at different concentrations were incorporated into the growth medium. The inhibitory magnitude increased with an increase in the concentration of the tamarind leaf. In terms of growth inhibition, among these tested plants, weed species particularly barnyard grass were most sensitive to the allelochemicals exuded from blended tamarind leaves. When the blended tamarind leaves were removed from the growth medium, all the seedlings grew quickly and the percentage of recovery was between 76–97% of the corresponding controls. Reduction in the fresh and dry weight of these 4 plant species was observed under the experimental conditions, and ranged between 33–42% and 40–53% in the radicle and hypocotyl, respectively. The fresh and dry weight, and total chlorophyll content declined significantly in the incorporated tamarind leaf treatments. Compared to the control, the highest drop in the chlorophyll content of 60% in barnyard grass was observed with the 10% concentration of the leaf treatment. These results clearly indicate that the tamarind leaf contains one or more strong biologically active allelochemical(s) that function as true growth regulator(s) and is involved in plant growth regulation, particularly in weed species.

Damping-off disease represents a considerable hazard to the cultivation of Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra), leading to seedling death and notable economic repercussions. This study explores the efficacy of guava leaf extracts, obtained through different extraction solvents, against Pythium aphanidermatum, a significant pathogen causing damping-off disease in Chinese kale (Pak Kha-naa) cultivation in Thailand. Guava leaf extract was obtained using different solvents: hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. Subsequently, the extract was diluted to concentrations of 1,000, 1,500 and 3,000 ppm to assessment the inhibitory effects on P. aphanidermatum utilizing the poisoned plate technique. Results revealed that only ethanol-extracted guava leaf extract at 3,000 ppm exhibited significant inhibition of P. aphanidermatum, achieving complete inhibition. At 1,500 ppm, ethanol-extracted guava leaf extract demonstrated inhibition comparable to carbendazim. Greenhouse trials further confirmed the efficacy of pre-planting seeds coating with ethanolic guava leaf extract at concentrations of 1,500 and 3,000 ppm in reducing damping-off disease incidence in Chinese kale. Chemical analysis of guava extract with GC-MS revealed the presence of 58 compounds in the hexane extract, with copaene, β-caryophyllene, calamenene and caryophyllene oxide being major constituents. The ethyl acetate extract contained 53 compounds, including β-caryophyllene and squalene, while caryophyllene was a predominant component among the 40 chemicals identified in the ethanol extract. Methylparaben was exclusively present in the ethanol extract, showcasing inhibitory effects on the fungus. This research sheds light on the potential of guava leaf extracts as a sustainable solution for disease management in Chinese kale cultivation. HIGHLIGHTSEthanolic extract of guava leaf at 3,000 ppm completely inhibits the pathogen Pythium aphanidermatum. Seed coated with ethanol-extracted guava leaf extract at concentrations of 1,500 and 3,000 ppm reduced damping-off disease incidence in Chinese kale in greenhouse trials. Chemical analysis via GC-MS revealed diverse compounds in guava leaf extracts, with notable constituents such as copaene, β-caryophyllene, calamenene and caryophyllene oxide in the hexane extract, β-caryophyllene and squalene in the ethyl acetate extract and caryophyllene predominance in the ethanol extract. Identification of methylparaben exclusively in the ethanol extract suggests its potential inhibitory effects on the fungus. This study underscores the promising potential of guava leaf extracts as a sustainable solution for disease management in Chinese kale cultivation, offering insights into alternative methods for controlling damping-off disease. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

In order to study performance of mungbean to salinity stress, a laboratory experiment was carried out to investigate salinity tolerance of two mungbean varieties (Kawmy-1 and IV 2010) to eight salinity levels i.e. 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 dS/m of NaCl concen- trations. Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) varieties were compared for germination efficiency and seedling characters. Results indi- cated that mungbean IV 2010 variety recorded the highest percentages of final germination, germination index %, seedling vigor index, energy of germination, mean germination time (day), coefficient velocity, abnormal seed percentage, root and shoot length, root fresh and dry weight and seedling height reduction. Whilst, mungbean Kawmy-1 variety recorded the highest weight of fresh and dry shoot and relative dry weight. Highest germination parameters and seedling characters of the two studied varieties under control treatment. The obtained results suggested that the two varieties registered a decrease in the percentage of germination and seedlings growth at higher NaCl concentrations. Results clearly indicated that mungbean Kawme-1 variety appeared to be more tolerant to salt stress than IV 2010 variety recording higher germination parameters and seedling characters. Increasing salinity concentrations significantly reduced germi- nation percentage, seedling vigor index, coefficient of velocity, mean germination time, shoot and root length, shoot and root fresh and dry weight. It could be concluded that germination efficiency i.e. final germination percentage, germination index, energy of germination, mean germination time, abnormal seed percentage, root and shoot length, seedling total fresh and dry weight, dry weight reduction and shoot length reduction were gradually decreased significantly when salinity increased.

Two separate experiments were conducted to investigate the aluminium (Al) and calcium (Ca) effects on wheat seedling growth and on seed germination. Wheat (Tritcum aestivum L, cs Yangmai No. 5) seedlings were grown for a 15‐day period and treated with 0.5 mM Al with low Ca (1 mM Ca) or high Ca (5 mM Ca). The growth of seedlings was signficantly inhibited by Al. Supplement of Ca improved the growth of Al‐treated plants, increased dry matter weight of plant and leaf area, and decreased shoot/root ratio. This showed that Ca ameliorated Al toxicity in wheat. In experiments on seed germination, Al concentrations less than 2 mM in the germinating medium had little or no visible effect on length of shoot and root of germinating seed. The germinating rate of seed was not affected significantly by Al, when Al concentrations lower than 5 mM Al. The addition of 3 mM Ca did not increase the length of shoot and root and germination rate of seeds. Both pretreatments with 6 mM Ca and 1 μM GA had no significant effect on the length of shoot and root and amylolytic activity of Al‐treated germinating seeds. No significant differences were found in the total amylolytic activity in Al‐treated and control seeds two days and five days after germination. The results of Al and Ca effects on seedlings and seed germination showed that Al‐toxicity on germinating seeds was different from on seedling growth. The high concentrations of Al inhibit growth of roots and shoots of germinating seeds by other toxicity mechanism rather than interaction of Al with Ca and mobilization of carbohydrate reserves.

Piper aduncum L. (Piperaceae) has great potential for economic exploration because of the proven use of its essential oil in the agriculture and in the human health. A technique that improves its propagation, as the tissue culture, becomes necessary. Some parameters must be determined for the successful cultivation in vitro. Thus, this study aimed to determine the salts concentration of MS medium, temperature, luminosity and light quality for in vitro culture of this species. The following treatments were conducted: 1/4MS, 1/2MS, MS and 2MS; 20℃, 25℃, 30℃ and 35℃; monochromatic blue, red and white lights and the combination of red and blue, using light emitting diodes (LEDs); luminosities of 17, 37, 48 and 73 μmol·m-2·s-1 obtained with cool white fluorescent lamp. After 35 days, the treatments were analyzed. To determine the salts concentration of MS, the variables were evaluated: number of shoots, leaves and roots, length and width of leaves, length and dry mass of root and shoots and percentage of death by necrosis. To the plantlets under different temperatures, length and dry mass of shoot and root, number of shoots, number, length and width of leaves and survival and rooting percentages were measured. The plantlets that were maintained under different luminosities were evaluated for length of shoot and root, dry mass of leaf and root. To evaluate the growth under the LEDs, the length and dry mass of shoot and root, number of shoots and roots, percentage of rooting and sprouting were assessed. The medium 1/4MS and the medium 1/2MS showed better responses for number and length of root, leaf width and shoot length. The temperature 25℃ provided the highest number of leaves, length of shoot and root, root dry mass and rooting percentage. The luminosity 73 μmol·m-2·s-1 provided higher values in length of root and dry mass of leaf and root. The red LED provided plantlets with greater growth. Thus, for the in vitro cultivation of Piper aduncum, 1/4MS, environment temperature of 25℃, light intensity of 73 μmol·m-2·s-1 and environments with red light to obtain high quality plantlets for propagation of this species are recommended.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the removal of indigenous bacteria from rice seeds on seedling growth and development. Here we report the presence of three indigenous endophytic bacteria in rice seeds that play important roles in modulating seedling development (shoot and root lengths, and formation of root hairs and secondary roots) and defence against pathogens. Seed-associated bacteria were removed using surface sterilization with NaOCl (bleach) followed by antibiotic treatment. When bacteria were absent, growth of seedlings in terms of root hair development and overall seedling size was less than that of seedlings that contained bacteria. Reactive oxygen staining of seedlings showed that endophytic bacteria became intracellular in root parenchyma cells and root hairs. Roots containing endophytic bacteria were seen to stain densely for reactive oxygen, while roots free of bacteria stained lightly for reactive oxygen. Bacteria were isolated and identified as Enterobacter asburiae (VWB1), Pantoea dispersa (VWB2) and Pseudomonas putida (VWB3) by 16S rDNA sequencing. Bacteria were found to produce indole acetic acid (auxins), inhibited the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum and solubilized phosphate. Reinoculation of bacteria onto seedlings derived from surface-disinfected rice and Bermuda grass seeds significantly restored seedling growth and development. Rice seeds harbour indigenous bacterial endophytes that greatly influence seedling growth and development, including root and shoot lengths, root hair formation and disease susceptibility of rice seedlings. This study shows that seeds of rice naturally harbour bacterial endophytes that play key roles in modulation of seedling development.

Crude vegetable extracts are very interesting to study and then applied to inhibit bacteria. In this study, we obtained crude extracts from vegetable wastes, including yard-long bean leaf, pumpkin peel, and Chinese kale leaf, and studied their efficacies of those crude extracts to inhibit the bacteria, and investigated their phytochemicals using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The efficacy of the crude vegetable extracts in inhibiting bacteria was evaluated based on the size of the inhibition zone. The results showed that the pathogenic bacteria isolated from the infected Nile tilapia fish was Exiguobacterium indicum presenting yellow colony. This species showed the highest inhibition activity at 15.33 mm from Chinese kale leaf crude extract. After testing antibacterial activity, crude extract from Chinese kale leaf had the highest antibacterial efficiency; however, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) with yard-long bean leaf extract. Phytochemical studies of all three vegetable wastes showed that crude extracts from Chinese kale leaves and yard-long bean leaves contained high quantities of 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol Phytol, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-, Butyl 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate, and Ethyl 9,12 ,15-octadecatrienoate in high quantity to antimicrobials, which are antimicrobials. In contrast, upon studying the phytochemical compounds, it was found that the crude extracts from yard-long bean leaves contained the highest number of various compounds. This study indicated that the crude extracts from Chinese kale leaf and yard-long bean leaf can be applied in preventing pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture, especially Nile tilapia fish

Early Root and Shoot Elongation of Selected Warm-Season Perennial Grasses

Seed priming enhances seedling growth in cowpeas, a crop of nutritional and economic importance. However, its physiological effects, particularly its interaction with antioxidants like ascorbic acid, remain underexplored. We hypothesized that priming cowpea seeds with ascorbic acid would enhance germination percentage, root and shoot length, and seedling biomass. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of ascorbic acid seed priming on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) germination and seedling growth. An experiment was conducted using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three treatments and three replications. Treatments included three levels of ascorbic acid (0 as control, 0.5, and 1 mM), where seeds were soaked for 12 hours for priming and air-dried for an hour. Each dish contained ten seeds subjected to the respective treatments. The results indicated a significant effect of ascorbic acid priming on germination and seedling growth. The highest germination percentage (100%), shoot length (10.84 cm), root length (9.97 cm), and fresh weight of seedlings (5.60 g) were observed in seeds primed with 1 mM of ascorbic acid. However, the control (0 ascorbic acid) exhibited lower values with 80% germination, shoot length of 6.84 cm, root length of 5.54 cm, and seedling fresh weight of 3.77 g. These findings suggest that ascorbic acid enhances early-stage cowpea growth and improves metabolic activation during germination. Further research is recommended to explore the interaction of ascorbic acid priming with mixed-seed systems and other vegetable crops to determine its broader agricultural applications.

A bioassay run was carried out in the incubator to evaluate possible allelopathic effects of water extracts of sage and white wormwood on germination and seedling growth of purslane. Results showed that the type of extract and its concentration (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) significantly influenced final germination percentage, germination rate and index, root and shoot length, root/shoot ratio, fresh and dry weight of seedling of purslane. The interaction between these two experimental factors was always significant, producing different results according to the different combination levels. The statistical comparison of means indicated that the maximum germination percentage and germination rate (respectively 68% and 11.4% d-1) were obtained from the untreated control (0% extract), while the lowest values for the same two characters occurred with 15% of sage (respectively 45% and 6.4% d-1) and 20% of white wormwood (38% and 7.5% d-1). Concerning germination indexes, the highest (55) and the lowest (32) values were observed respectively on the control and with 15% of sage extract or 20% of white wormwood extract. The longest (4.5 cm) and the shortest (1.3 cm) root of purslane were obtained with 5% of white wormwood and 20% of sage extracts, respectively. Changes in shoot length with sage and white wormwood extracts were similar to those in root length, even though shoot length was less affected by the concentration of extracts. Root and shoot length changes brought to maximum (22.0) and minimum (8.9) values for the root/shoot length ratio, respectively with 5% of white wormwood and 20% of sage extracts. The maximum fresh (2.111 g) and dry (0.338 g) seedling weight of purslane were obtained from untreated control, producing the same seedling weight with 5% of sage, 5 and 10% of white wormwood extract. While the minimum fresh (0.692 g) and dry (0.111 g) seedling weight were obtained from 15% of white wormwood extract, so that there is no significant differences between this value and the seedling weight produced under 10, 15 and 20% of sage and 20% of white wormwood extract.

Summary Drought and heat stress are a global concern affecting crop productivity. The current study investigated the daily shoot and root length growth of 48 elite African sorghum genotypes and two commonly grown check varieties in response to heat and drought stresses applied individually and in combination at the early (7-day-old) and late (21-day-old) seedling stages. Genotype, stress, and their interaction significantly affected root and shoot length at both stages. Our findings indicated that the combined stresses suppressed daily shoot length growth at both stages. Drought, heat, and combined stresses equally suppressed daily root length growth during the early seedling growth stage, and drought applied separately showed the highest negative effect on root length at the late seedling stage. In general, the stress treatments showed the utmost negative effects in daily shoot and root length growth at early seedling stage than the late stage. Heat stress induced the highest relative growth reduction of 78% in hypocotyl length followed by combined stresses at 77.6% and 70.8% for drought stress. The average hypocotyl length changes ranged between 0.37 and 2.31 mm per day at early seedling stage. Root length daily growth was reduced by 69.1% under combined stress, 67.6% under heat stress, and 63.3% under drought stress at early seedling stage. Root length changes ranged between 0.35 and 2.96 mm per day at early seedling stage. At late seedling stage, the highest relative daily growth reduction was observed in shoot length (36.6%) under combined stresses while drought stress induced the highest relative daily root length reduction of 10.8%. The average shoot length changes ranged between 5.1 and 8.1 mm per day at late seedling stage while root length changes ranged between 2.7 and 3.5 mm. In reference to the independent genotypic effects, genotype IS13904 displayed the highest performance in hypocotyl and root length growth at the early seedling stage. At the late seedling stage, genotypes IS6994 and NPGRC1478 showed tolerance to at least two of the assessed stress conditions in terms of daily root length growth. Genotypes IS30164, IS30015, and IS9567 showed similar resistance in shoot growth. The overall analysis of both shoot and root daily length growth at both seedling stages revealed the resistance of genotypes NPGRC1478 and IS30164 to drought stress applied separately and combined stressors. The identified sorghum genotypes can be used as potential donors towards tolerance to combined stresses at both seedling stages and are recommended for utilization in hot and dry agroecologies of sub-Saharan Africa due to their potential vigour in early establishment.

In the Philippines,Cycasspp. are found in Luzon Island particularly in Pampanga, Batangas, Bataan and Isabela provinces.. In this study, the bioactive potentials of the crude methanolic, ethanolic, ethyl acetate and chloroform leaf extracts ofCycas riuminianaPorte ex Regel were investigated. Based on the results of the four solvents used, the best extraction solvent for the phytochemicals is ethanol, followed by methanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform. The ethanolic and methanolic leaf extracts showed comparable antioxidant activity. The chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts also have comparable antioxidant activity but significantly lower than both methanolic and ethanolic extracts. However the greatest antimicrobial activity was exhibited by the ethyl acetate extract, followed by chloroform, methanolic and ethanolic extracts. The variation and similarity in the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the different extracts can be attributed to different mechanisms of interactions, namely, independent joint action, additive, synergistic, competitive or antagonistic interactions, among the bioactive compounds present in the crude extracts. Further studies are needed to elucidate the structure of the different phytochemicals present in the leaf extracts of Arayat Pitogo (C. riuminianaPorte ex Regel) and the specific mechanisms of interaction among these phytochemicals. SUMMARY The extracts were tested for the presence (trace, moderate or abundant amounts) of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenes, alkaloids, sterols and glycosides. The ethanolic extract was positive for all phytochemicals screened with sterols, flavonoids, glycosides and tannins being abundant, alkaloids being moderate and triterpenes and saponins in trace amounts. The methanolic extract was also positive for all constituents but in trace amounts, except for flavonoids which were abundant. The ethyl acetate extract contained abundant sterols, moderate alkaloids and trace amounts of saponins, glycosides and tannins. Finally, the chloroform extract contained abundant sterols, and trace amounts of alkaloids, saponins and glycosides. The radical scavenging assay revealed that the highest percent inhibition was obtained for the ethanolic leaf extract (60.53±0.7801%), followed by methanolic extract (59.92±3.160%), chloroform extract (50.17±4.779%) and ethyl acetate extract (47.25±3.759%). In terms of antibacterial activity, the ethyl acetate extract registered the highest inhibition against the three test organisms, namely,Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilisandEscherichia coli. The chloroform extract inhibitedS. aureusandB. subtilis. The methanol extract inhibitedS. aureusonly. Finally, the ethanolic extract failed to inhibit any of the test organisms despite its abundant phytochemicals and high antioxidant activity. In terms of antifungal activity, the different extracts inhibitedCandida albicanswith the ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts showing a high degree of inhibition followed by the methanolic and ethanolic extracts. However, none of the extracts showed any bioactivity againstAspergillus niger.

Aim: Salinity is a major barrier to successful crop production. Seed priming and exogenous application of different signaling molecules can efficiently confer salinity tolerance. Wheat is a major cereal crop in the world and salinity drastically reduces the wheat seedling growth and yield. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explore the potentiality of different signaling molecules such as salicylic acid (SA) and H2O2 to alleviate the salinity-induced growth inhibition of wheat.
 Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, from September-October, 2021.
 Methodology: The wheat (cv. BARI-Gom 24) seeds were soaked in normal tap water (hydro-priming), 1 mM SA, 2 mM SA, 0.1 mM H2O2, and 0.15 mM H2O2 solutions for 30 minutes. The untreated seeds were used as control. Eventually, primed seeds were exposed to 150 mM NaCl in Petri dishes during germination. Primed and non-primed seedlings were grown for 15 days under 150 mM NaCl stress condition.
 Results: The result revealed that salt stress significantly reduced germination percentage (GP), germination index (GI), seed vigor index (SVI), shoot and root length. The results also exhibited that photosynthetic pigments, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, lycopene, and beta-carotene contents were significantly reduced by salt stress. Seed priming with SA and H2O2 and hydro-priming promoted the germination percentage, seedling growth (including shoot and root length), SVI, and photosynthetic pigments.
 Conclusion: Pretreatment with 1 mM SA and 0.1 mM H2O2 was observed to be relatively more efficient in conferring salinity tolerance of wheat compared with other treating conditions. Overall, this study suggests that wheat seed priming with SA and H2O2 and hydro-priming can improve salinity tolerance.
 Aim: Salinity is a major barrier to successful crop production. Seed priming and exogenous application of different signaling molecules can efficiently confer salinity tolerance. Wheat is a major cereal crop in the world and salinity drastically reduces the wheat seedling growth and yield. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explore the potentiality of different signaling molecules such as salicylic acid (SA) and H2O2 to alleviate the salinity-induced growth inhibition of wheat.
 Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, from September-October, 2021.
 Methodology: The wheat (cv. BARI-Gom 24) seeds were soaked in normal tap water (hydro-priming), 1 mM SA, 2 mM SA, 0.1 mM H2O2, and 0.15 mM H2O2 solutions for 30 minutes. The untreated seeds were used as control. Eventually, primed seeds were exposed to 150 mM NaCl in Petri dishes during germination. Primed and non-primed seedlings were grown for 15 days under 150 mM NaCl stress condition.
 Results: The result revealed that salt stress significantly reduced germination percentage (GP), germination index (GI), seed vigor index (SVI), shoot and root length. The results also exhibited that photosynthetic pigments, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, lycopene, and beta-carotene contents were significantly reduced by salt stress. Seed priming with SA and H2O2 and hydro-priming promoted the germination percentage, seedling growth (including shoot and root length), SVI, and photosynthetic pigments.
 Conclusion: Pretreatment with 1 mM SA and 0.1 mM H2O2 was observed to be relatively more efficient in conferring salinity tolerance of wheat compared with other treating conditions. Overall, this study suggests that wheat seed priming with SA and H2O2 and hydro-priming can improve salinity tolerance.