Antigenotoxic Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate against Hair Dye Induced Genotoxicity in Cultured Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

Abstract

The dermal exposure of hair dye compounds i.e. p-Phenylenediamine (PPD), a primary ingredient of hair dye along with resorcinol (RE) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) occurs during hair dying process. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant catechin of green tea having anticancerous properties. To determine the genotoxicity of hair dye and antigenotoxicity of EGCG, in vitro investigations were carried out using comet and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assays on cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). To reduce hair dye genotoxicity, cultured PBLs were treated with different doses of EGCG along with the hair dye. Our findings indicate that hair dye ingredients (p-Phenylenediamine-200 μg/ mL, resorcinol-200 μg/mL, and hydrogen peroxide-6.168 μg/mL) concentrations are found significantly (p<0.05) genotoxic as measured by tail moment value and SCE frequency. On the other hand, hair dye along with EGCG shows significant (p<0.05) decrease in tail moment and SCE frequency in a dose-dependent manner as compared to hair dye treated samples.