Abstract
Traditional medicinal plants are an important source of active compounds with potential antimutagenic activity. Polyscias filicifolia Bailey (Araliaceae) is a South Asian traditional herb used as an adaptogenic and cardiac drug. Extracts of P. filicifolia contain a wide range of biologically active compounds like phenolic acids and triterpenoid saponins. In the present study. antigenotoxic potential of three naturally occurring phenolic acids and extracts of P. filicifolia growing in vitro with the addition of elicitors was evaluated against direct (4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4NQO) and mitomycin C (MMC)) and indirect mutagens (2-aminoanthracene (2AA)). The evaluation was made using a bacterial umu-test. Moreover, the ability to prevent photogenotoxicity induced by chlorpromazine (CPZ) under UVA irradiation was measured. The phytochemical profiling of examined extracts revealed the presence of numerous compounds with the prevelance of chlorogenic, caffeic, and ferulic acid derivatives; however, saponin fractions were also determined. The antioxidant potential of extracts strictly correlated with their composition. The tested extracts exhibited high antigenotoxic activity if the assay was performed with 2AA and metabolic activation. Moreover, the extracts slightly decreased the MMC-induced genotoxicity. However, an increase of the genotoxic effect was observed in the assay performed with 4NQO. In addition, photo-antigenotoxic activity was observed. In our study, phenolic acids exhibited lower activity than the extracts.
Highlights
Human cells and tissues are constantly exposed to oxidative stress generated both endogenously and exogenously
As the elicitation could significantly enhance concentration or even change the profile of phytoconstituents in plant tissues and resulting extracts, simultaneously influencing their biological properties, the major goal of the present study was the assessment of the antigenotoxic, anti-photogenotoxic, and antioxidant potential of P. filicifolia methanolic extracts (EXTs) derived from shoots subjected to elicitation
The four extracts prepared from shoots of P. filicifolia growing in vitro in the presence of selected elicitors or in untreated cultures were subjected to phytochemical profiling and to examination of their antioxidant and antigenotoxic potential
Summary
Human cells and tissues are constantly exposed to oxidative stress generated both endogenously (produced during biochemical processes) and exogenously (originating from the environment, e.g., UV light and pollution resulting from industrial development). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in numerous physiological processes, they have to be kept under strict control by inner enzymatic antioxidant systems and free radical scavengers; otherwise, the loss of equilibrium may lead to development of serious diseases like cancers [1], cardiovascular, and neurodegradative disorders [2,3] and many other age-related conditions [4]. The constant growth of market demand for products of plant origin is observed. Plant products are considered healthy due to their origin, recognized as natural and/or organic and derived from cultivation applying eco-friendly farming practices. Plant biotechnology can help cover the increasing demand for plant-derived products
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