Abstract
This study presents a local isolate of fowl pox virus (FPV) isolated and propagated from backyard naturally infected laying hens in El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, during the period of January to November 2017. Isolation and propagation were carried out from collected skin lesions on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) with obtained 4th passage virus titers 4.0 Log10 EID50/ml at the in CAM and 3.5 Log10 TCID50/ml in CEF respectively. They showed characteristic pock lesions of FPV and cytopathic effect (CPE) of FPV at the 3rd passage on CAM and CEF, respectively. Virus neutralization test (VNT) results confirmed that the obtained isolate is FPV. Molecular characterization of (Sharkia2017/VSVRI) was performed with Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify 578 bp of P4b (fpv167) gene and 1150 bp of fpv140 gene. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of both genes confirmed the relatedness of (Sharkia2017/VSVRI) isolate to sub-clade A1 of fowl pox viruses with 99.7-100% identity to fowl pox virus sequences published in GenBank.This study reports the antigenic and genomic characterization of the locally isolated FPV (Sharkia2017/VSVRI) using VNT and PCR confirmed by sequence analysis to help in the production of FPV tissue culture vaccine from the obtained local FPV after confirming its immune response as a candidate vaccine.
Highlights
The Fowl pox virus (FPV) is a DNA virus that belongs to the family Poxviridae, subfamily Chordopoxvirinae, genus Avipoxvirus, in addition to pigeon pox virus (PPV) and turkey pox virus (TPV) (Andrew et al, 2012)
Preparation of chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell culture Chicken embryo fibroblast cell cultures were prepared according to the method described by (Gilhare et al, 2015 and Nesma 2016) using ten days old chicken embryos
Clinical and Gross findings The diseased birds were suffering from nodular lesions on the eye, nostrils and non-feather area
Summary
The Fowl pox virus (FPV) is a DNA virus that belongs to the family Poxviridae, subfamily Chordopoxvirinae, genus Avipoxvirus, in addition to pigeon pox virus (PPV) and turkey pox virus (TPV) (Andrew et al, 2012). The Fowl pox virus affects poultry and influences on egg production. The diphtheritic form (Wet form) is characterized by respiratory symptoms such as sneezing, gasping, head-shaking with a higher mortality rate in young chicken (Masola et al, 2014). Different clinical signs of pox virus are displayed in infected chicken. It depends on the route of transmission, the virulence of the virus strain and the host susceptibility (Offerman et al, 2013). The confirmative diagnosis is made by using one or a combination of these techniques: isolation of FPV in cell culture of avian origin, or the Chorio-Allantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) (OIE, 2018). The Pock forming ability of FPV obtained from layer chicken was examined to describe the adaptation in CEF. The cytopathic effect (CPE) characterized by syncytia and plaque formation and cell aggregation (Gilhare et al, 2015)
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