Antigen-Sparing and Enhanced Efficacy of Multivalent Vaccines Adjuvanted with Immunopotentiators in Chickens.

Peipei Wu,Lei Feng,Mei Mei,Hongzhuan Wu,Xiufan Liu,Yinghua Tang,Xuehua Zhang,Jibo Hou,Jihu Lu

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00927

Peipei Wu, Lei Feng + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00927

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Abstract

We previously described that immunopotentiators, CVCVA5, increased the efficacy of H5 and H9 subtype avian influenza vaccines in chickens, ducks, and geese. In this study, we further investigated the effects of the CVCVA5 for improving the efficacy of other univalent or multivalent inactivated vaccines. The immune response administrated with half-dose of monovalent vaccine plus CVCVA5 were higher than those of one dose of monovalent vaccine without immunopotentiators as measured by levels of antibodies from serum, tears and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and cytokines of IFNγ and IL-4 from serum. Vaccines included the univalent vaccine of Newcastle Disease virus (ND), Egg Drop Syndrome virus (EDS), Infectious Bronchitis virus (IB), and Infectious Bursal Disease virus (IBD). The CVCVA5 also improved the immune response of both ND and IBD vaccines with less dosage. The sterile protective immunity was monitored with one- or a half-dose of adjuvanted ND vaccine or one dose of adjuvanted IBD vaccine, respectively. The improved immune efficacy was observed in a half-dose of adjuvanted bivalent vaccines compared to one dose of vaccines without CVCVA5 as measured by the antibody levels, including bivalent vaccine of ND-H9, ND-IB, and ND-IBD. The CVCVA5 also boosted the immune efficacy of the tetravalent vaccine (ND-IB-EDS-H9). A half-dose of adjuvanted commercial vaccine or 75% antigen-sparing adjuvanted vaccine elicited similar antibody levels to those of one dose non-adjuvanted commercial vaccines. The CVCVA5 improved the effect of a booster vaccination as measured by the antibody levels against H5 or H9 virus antigens, in which chickens primed with the adjuvanted ND-IB vaccines given a booster with H5–H9 bivalent vaccines without CVCVA5 using 5-day intervals. The inflammatory response may contribute to these additional effects by increasing the levels of IFNγ and IL-4 after the injection of the adjuvanted ND-IB vaccines. Results indicated that the CVCVA5 improved the serum and mucosal antibody levels, cytokine levels of the chickens given the univalent vaccine, and also improved serum antibody titers in bivalent and tetravalent vaccines. This has a potential as an improve vaccine.

Highlights

Contagious viral diseases are a constant threat to the poultry industry
Serum antibodies against Newcastle Disease virus (ND) significantly enhanced in chickens given the ND vaccine mixed with CVCVA5 when compared to those chickens, which received the ND vaccine without CVCVA5 at 2, 3, and 4 weeks post-last vaccination weeks (PV) (Figure 1A), respectively
In groups of chickens, which received the commercial vaccine without CVCVA5, the hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) titers of the chickens given half-dose vaccine were significantly lower than those chickens, which received with one full dose

Summary

Introduction

Contagious viral diseases are a constant threat to the poultry industry. Vaccines are an effective strategy to prevent the spread of diseases. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and avian influenza virus (AIV) (Tang et al, 2009; Alexander et al, 2012; Kapczynski et al, 2013), and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) may cause diseases at any age (Chhabra et al, 2015). In contrast infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is more common in 3–15 weeks old chickens (Mahgoub et al, 2012). Vaccination programs must be customized according to the diseases found on the poultry farms. Combined multivalent inactivated viral emulsion vaccines are widely employed in poultry farms because of savings in time and labor, and reduced stress caused by manual handling during immunization (Fukanoki et al, 2001; Lemiere et al, 2011). Multivalent vaccines included the bivalent vaccine, ND vaccine combined with H9 subtype AI (H9) vaccine (NDH9), ND vaccine with IB vaccine (ND-IB), ND vaccine with IBD vaccine, and the tetravalent vaccine, combination of ND, IB, H9 vaccine and egg drop syndrome (EDS) vaccine (ND-IB-EDS-H9)

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