Antifungal and Insecticidal Activities of Selected Plant Species from Cloud Forest of Veracruz, Mexico: A contribution to the search of novel control agents against Ambrosia pest complexes.

Abstract

The antifungal and insecticidal activities of 34 extracts from 27 plant species were evaluated against fungal phytopathogens of the genusFusariumandXyleborusScolytine ambrosia beetles involved in Fusarium dieback (FD) and laurel wilt (LW) diseases. Sixteen extracts caused mycelial growth inhibition (MGI) above 23% at 2 mg mL-1againstF. solani, those fromS. nudumandM. argyrophyllaexhibited the highest MGI (57% and 49%, respectively). Thirteen extracts displayed significant antifungal activity againstF. kuroshium, those fromC. nocturnumandM. argyrophyllaexhibited the highest MGI (100% and 54.9%, respectively). Additionally, ten plants extracts caused mortality in at least one of the beetle species tested, mainly from Solanaceae species. In the most active species, 39 phenolics were identified that may have contributed to their biological effects. This study is one of the first to report the potential of plant-derived natural products against the causative agents of FD and LW.