Abstract
In our continuing study on a survey of biologically active natural products from heartwood of Santalum album (Southwest Indian origin), we newly found potent fish toxic activity of an n-hexane soluble extract upon primary screening using killifish (medaka) and characterized α-santalol and β-santalol as the active components. The toxicity (median tolerance limit (TLm) after 24 h at 1.9 ppm) of α-santalol was comparable with that of a positive control, inulavosin (TLm after 24 h at 1.3 ppm). These fish toxic compounds including inulavosin were also found to show a significant antifungal effect against a dermatophytic fungus, Trichophyton rubrum. Based on a similarity of the morphological change of the immobilized Trichophyton hyphae in scanning electron micrographs between treatments with α-santalol and griseofulvin (used as the positive control), inhibitory effect of α-santalol on mitosis (the antifungal mechanism proposed for griseofulvin) was assessed using sea urchin embryos. As a result, α-santalol was revealed to be a potent antimitotic agent induced by interference with microtubule assembly. These data suggested that α-santalol or sandalwood oil would be promising to further practically investigate as therapeutic agent for cancers as well as fungal skin infections.
Highlights
Santalum species (Santalaceae) are evergreen parasitic trees and include about25 species that distribute in India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Australia [1]
In our previous study on exploring bioactive natural products, we had investigated heartwood chips of Santalum album L. of South West Indian (Mysore) origin, which is regarded as the best sandalwood in quality, and demonstrated the characterization of new neolignans [19] and sesquiterpenoids, and their evaluation for in vitro and in vivo antitumor-promoting effects [20,21]
This assay has been considered to be useful as a simple this assay has been considered to be useful as a simple and convenient preliminary screening test to and convenient preliminary screening test to find diverse bioactive natural products. Based on this find diverse bioactive natural products. Based on this background for the ichthyotoxic substances, background for the ichthyotoxic substances, we assessed antifungal effect of the piscicidal we assessed antifungal effect of the piscicidal components and related constituents isolated from the components and related constituents isolated from the sandalwood extract against dermatophytic sandalwood extract against dermatophytic fungus, Trichophyton rubrum
Summary
Santalum species (sandalwood) (Santalaceae) are evergreen parasitic trees and include about. Antitumor-promoting effects [22,23,24,25,26,27] This assay has been considered to be useful as a simple this assay has been considered to be useful as a simple and convenient preliminary screening test to and convenient preliminary screening test to find diverse bioactive natural products. Based on this find diverse bioactive natural products Based on this background for the ichthyotoxic substances, background for the ichthyotoxic substances, we assessed antifungal effect of the piscicidal we assessed antifungal effect of the piscicidal components and related constituents isolated from the components and related constituents isolated from the sandalwood extract against dermatophytic sandalwood extract against dermatophytic fungus, Trichophyton rubrum.
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