Abstract
The aims of this study were to test the antifungal activity, toxicity and chemical composition of essential oil from C. sativum L. fruits. The essential oil, obtained by hydro-distillation, was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Linalool was the main constituent (58.22%). The oil was considered bioactive, showing an LC50 value of 23 µg/mL in the Artemia salina lethality test. The antifungal activity was evaluated against Microsporum canis and Candida spp. by the agar-well diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were established by the broth microdilution method. The essential oil induced growth inhibition zones of 28 ± 5.42 and 9.25 ± 0.5 for M. canis and Candida spp. respectively. The MICs and MFCs for M. canis strains ranged from 78 to 620 and 150 to 1,250 µg/mL, and the MICs and MFCs for Candida spp strains ranged from 310 to 620 and 620 to 1,250 µg/mL, respectively. C. sativum essential oil is active in vitro against M. canis and Candida spp. demonstrating good antifungal activity.
Highlights
Dermatophytosis is one of the most frequent skin diseases of pets and livestock
They suggested that the essential oil of this plant could be used as potential antimicrobial agents to treat or prevent Candida yeast infections
The estimated LD50 in mice for C. sativum essential oil was 2,139.98 mg/kg and this value indicates a low toxicity in accordance with Hedge and Sterner [20]
Summary
Dermatophytosis is one of the most frequent skin diseases of pets and livestock. Contagion among animal communities, high treatment cost, difficulties of control measures and public health consequences of animal ringworm are all factors urging the study of these fungi [1]. Fungal disease agents are widespread and can be isolated from a wide range of sick animals or asymptomatic carriers, which can represent important reservoirs for people in close contact with them. This situation should be considered as an important risk factor for those with impaired immune systems and anyone working with or handling animals. The essential oil from leaves of C. sativum showed antimicrobial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria This plant is known not to be toxic because it has been consumed for centuries without showing any signs of toxicity [6]. To evaluate the potential use of C. sativum essential oil as a phytotherapic product, the toxicity was investigated using the Artemia salina lethality test
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