Antifungal Activity of Lower Alkyl Fatty Acid Esters against Powdery Mildews

Abstract

In the course of a searhing environmental friendly antifungal compounds, we found that mixture of methyl esters of fatty acids obtained from soybean oil had potent control efficacy against barley powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei). In this study, ten alkyl fatty acid esters (AFAEs) were tested for in vivo antifungal activity against five plant diseases such as rice blast, rice sheath blight, tomato gray mold, tomato late blight and barley powdery mildew. Some AFAEs showed the most control efficacy against barley powdery mildew among the tested plant diseases. By 5-hr protective and 1-day curative applications, six AFAEs (<TEX>$3,000\;{\mu}g/ml$</TEX>), including methyl and ethyl palmitates, methyl and ethyl oleates, methyl linoleate, and methyl linolenate demonstrated both curative and protective activities against barley powdery mildew. In contrary, methyl laurate strongly controlled the development of powdery mildew on barley plants by curative treatment at a concentration of <TEX>$333\;{\mu}g/ml$</TEX>, but did not show protective activity even at <TEX>$3,000\;{\mu}g/ml$</TEX>. Under greenhouse conditions, the seven AFAEs (<TEX>$1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$</TEX>) except for methyl and ethyl stearates, and methyl caprylate also effectively controlled cucumber powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii. Among them, methyl and ethyl palmitates (<TEX>$333\;{\mu}g/ml$</TEX>) represented the most control activity of more than 68% against the disease. The results are the first report on the antifungal activity of methyl and ethyl esters of fatty acids against plant pathogenic fungi.