Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a worldwide spread fungus that causes the grey mold disease, which is considered the most important factor in postharvest losses in fresh fruit crops. Consequently, the control of gray mold is a matter of current and relevant interest for agricultural industries. In this work, a series of phenylpropanoids derived from eugenol were synthesized and characterized. Their effects on the mycelial growth of a virulent and multi-resistant isolate of B. cinerea (PN2) have been evaluated and IC50 values for the most active compounds range between 31–95 ppm. The antifungal activity exhibited by these compounds is strongly related to their chemical structure, i.e., increasing activity has been obtained by isomerization of the double bond or introduction of a nitro group on the aromatic ring. Based on the relationship between the fungicide activities and chemical structure, a mechanism of action is proposed. Finally, the activity of these compounds is higher than that reported for the commercial fungicide BC-1000 that is currently employed to combat this disease. Thus, our results suggest that these compounds are potential candidates to be used in the design of new and effective control with inspired natural compounds of this pathogen.
Highlights
B. cinerea is a serious worldwide problem because it causes high losses in pre- and postharvest fresh fruit crops
These results strongly support the idea that the antifungal activity of eugenol is due we report the synthesis of a series of eugenol derivatives (Figure 2), six of them new to membrane binding and permeability alteration, leading to destabilization and disruption of the compounds (8-13), and their evaluation as inhibitors of mycelial growth of a virulent and plasma membrane [27]
The damage is proportional to the Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Eugenol and Eugenol Derivatives on Botrytis cinerea post-inoculation time and we may conclude that PN2 is a virulent and resistant native isolate
Summary
B. cinerea is a serious worldwide problem because it causes high losses in pre- and postharvest fresh fruit crops. The high economic losses associated with Botrytis infection represents a growing burden for the agricultural industry [1]. To reduce this effect, a series of control mechanisms have been developed, the application of chemical fungicides being the most spread and more used [2]. Molecules 2019, 24, x FOR PEER REVIEW to the appearance of resistant isolates. This undesirable outcome has prompted the search of new and effective fungicide agents, mainly from natural resources [4,5,6,7]
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