Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of a cyclic tetrapeptide from Bacillus velezensis CE 100 against anthracnose-causing fungal pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Antifungal compound produced by B. velezensis CE 100 was isolated and purified from ethyl acetate extract of B. velezensis CE 100 culture broth using octadecylsilane column chromatography. The purified compound was identified as cyclo-(prolyl-valyl-alanyl-isoleucyl) based on mass spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. This is the first report of the isolation of a cyclic tetrapeptide from B. velezensis CE 100 culture filtrate. Cyclic tetrapeptide displayed strong antifungal activity at concentration of 1000 µg/mL against C. gloeosporioides mycelial growth and spore germination. Our results demonstrate that the antifungal cyclic tetrapeptide from B. velezensis CE 100 has potential in bioprotection against anthracnose disease of plants caused by C. gloeosporioides.
Highlights
Phytopathogenic fungi are serious threats to crops
Results of vitro tests suggested the involvement of secondary metabolites, consistent with findings in vitro tests suggested the involvement of secondary metabolites, consistent with findings from several previous studies stating the promiscuous action of the secondary metabolites from several previous studies stating the promiscuous action of the secondary metabolites against fungal pathogens [14,15,16,42,43,44,45]
We identified a cyclic tetrapeptide against fungal pathogens [14,15,16,42,43,44,45]
Summary
Phytopathogenic fungi are serious threats to crops. They can reduce the quality and yield of agricultural products [1,2]. Fungicides have detrimental impacts, including the emergence of fungicideresistant pathogens, decline of soil physio–chemical properties, accumulation of toxic compounds, and long residual periods [5,6,7,8,9]. Due to increasing demand of consumers for fungicide-free products, the need for alternative disease control strategies, such as biological control has been emphasized [10,11]. Biological control agents are environment friendly and sustainable for protecting plants against pathogens [8,12,13]
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