Abstract
Objective: The main focus of the study was to compare and determine the antifungal activities of different solvent extracts of Cyanotis axillaris.Methods: The dried whole plant of C. axillaris was extracted by sequential extraction method using solvents hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol based on their polarity. The antifungal activity of the extracts was tested against 12 opportunistic fungal strains by disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using microtiter plate method.Results: The hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed significant antifungal activities. The highest antifungal activity was recorded for ethyl acetate extract of C. axillaris. In disc diffusion method at high concentration (5 mg/ml), the ethyl acetate extract exhibited the zone of inhibition>30 mm against C. krusei, mentagrophytes, Scopulariopsis sp. and B. cinerea. In MIC the ethyl acetate extract inhibited the growth of T. mentagrophytes, Scopulariopsis sp., B. cinerea in its low dose (0.031 mg/ml). The hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of C. axillaris did not show activity against M. gypseum, T. rubrum and E. floccosum.Conclusion: This is the first report for the antifungal efficacy of C. axillaris. The results proved that the extracts of C. axillaris have high potential antifungal principles which could fight against the opportunistic and multidrug resistant fungal strains.
Highlights
The antifungal efficiency of the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of C. axillaris by disc diffusion method was summarised in table 1
After the incubation with INT, the appearance of pink colour was observed in wells which had living fungal cells and well which appeared colourless was indicated the inhibition of fungal growth by the extract of C. axillaris
It is clear that the ethyl acetate extract of C. axillaris has great potential antifungal principles
Summary
Some seen in the normal commensal of animals and humans. During infection, they alter the host immune system and turn as pathogenic, opportunistic and lifethreatening [1]. Even though it shows a positive response to patients, due to its fungi static effect rather than fungicidal effect frequent relapses occur [8]. Continuous and prolonged treatment with these drugs to an immunocompromised person resulted in the development of multidrug resistant fungal strains [9]. Prolonged antifungal therapy in heavily immunocompromised people can lead infectionrelated toxicities, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, recurrent drug infections, organ dysfunction, cutaneous reactions and malignancies [10and11]. Voriconazole treatment in ambulatory patients cause phototoxic reactions and this can lead to the development of squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma [13and14]. Increase in the multidrug resistant fungal strains, lack of drugs with new antifungal targets and the adverse effects of antifungal drugs for a long term use urge the need for the new antifungal agents which have new target site or mechanism to fight against multidrugresistant (MDR) fungal strains as well as to overcome the disadvantage of commercially used antifungal drugs
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