Abstract
For the new generation of wearable flexible electronic devices, it is urgent to achieve higher requirements for the realization of anti-freezing properties. Herein, a strategy was successfully designed to fabricate flexible sensors that could withstand at −30 °C. Functional poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) were successfully grafted onto the surface of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) by electrostatic interaction. As biomass acid, phytic acid (PA) with anti-freezing properties were further introduced as crosslinking agents, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/CNCs@PDDA/PA (PCP) nanocomposite hydrogels were successfully fabricated through facile freeze–thaw cycle in the water/glycerol binary solvent system. With the increase of PA ratio, the anti-freezing performance of hydrogels is improved obviously. The obtained hydrogels still maintain favorable mechanical strength (1.0 MPa) and self-healing efficiency (85.0%) after healing about 4 h at −30 °C. Hydrogels based flexible sensors exhibit fast response time (310.0 ms), wide strain detection range (0.0 ∼ 600.0%), excellent stability and fatigue resistance, which can also perform excellent human motion signal detection tasks even at −30 °C for 24 h. This work paves the way for the application of wearable flexible electronic devices in extreme climate areas.
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