Antifouling Napyradiomycins from Marine-Derived Actinomycetes Streptomyces aculeolatus.

Florbela Pereira,Marisa Paulino,Vitor Vasconcelos,Inês R Grilo,Joana R Almeida,Helena Macedo,Susana P Gaudêncio,Rita G Sobral,Isabel Cunha

doi:10.3390/md18010063

Florbela Pereira, Marisa Paulino + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/md18010063

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Abstract

The undesired attachment of micro and macroorganisms on water-immersed surfaces, known as marine biofouling, results in severe prevention and maintenance costs (billions €/year) for aquaculture, shipping and other industries that rely on coastal and off-shore infrastructures. To date, there are no sustainable, cost-effective and environmentally safe solutions to address this challenging phenomenon. Therefore, we investigated the antifouling activity of napyradiomycin derivatives that were isolated from actinomycetes from ocean sediments collected off the Madeira Archipelago. Our results revealed that napyradiomycins inhibited ≥80% of the marine biofilm-forming bacteria assayed, as well as the settlement of Mytilus galloprovincialis larvae (EC50 < 5 µg/ml and LC50/EC50 >15), without viability impairment. In silico prediction of toxicity end points are of the same order of magnitude of standard approved drugs and biocides. Altogether, napyradiomycins disclosed bioactivity against marine micro and macrofouling organisms, and non-toxic effects towards the studied species, displaying potential to be used in the development of antifouling products.

Highlights

Marine biofouling is the undesired accumulation of micro and macroorganisms on submerged surfaces, including bacteria, algae, larvae, and adults of various phyla, and their by-products, in a dynamic process that begins immediately after water-submersion and takes hours to months to develop [1]
Hull biofouling and ballast water transfer are the main causes for the introduction and spread of nonindigenous marine species into ecosystems worldwide leading to environmental imbalances [8,9,10,11,12]
We focused on bioprospecting marine-derived actinomycetes as producers of biofouling inhibitors for the potential development of marine-derived sustainable antifouling products

Summary

Introduction

Marine biofouling is the undesired accumulation of micro and macroorganisms on submerged surfaces, including bacteria, algae, larvae, and adults of various phyla, and their by-products, in a dynamic process that begins immediately after water-submersion and takes hours to months to develop [1]. Biofouling formation is divided into four distinct phases: soon after the physical adherence of macromolecules, the process becomes biological, designated as the microfouling phase, in which a bacterial biofilm is responsible for the establishment of an appropriate surface for the subsequent macrofouling organisms to settle, first as spores and larvae which develop into adults [2,3]. Hull biofouling and ballast water transfer are the main causes for the introduction and spread of nonindigenous marine species into ecosystems worldwide leading to environmental imbalances [8,9,10,11,12].

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