Abstract
Our previous studies showed the effects of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Anethum graveolens L. (dill) on female infertility. In the present study we investigated whether different fractions of this herb extract can cause infertility in rats. Female rats were divided into the control groups, the groups receiving either a low (0.5 g/kg)) or a high dose (5g/kg) of water, N-butanol, chloroform and ether fractions of the aqueous plant extract, and the groups receiving either a low (0.045 g/kg) or a high dose (0.45 g/kg) of the same fractions of ethanol extract. The mentioned doses were gavaged in 1mL for 10 days. Vaginal smears were prepared daily. Estradiol and progesterone levels were measured. The left oviduct and ovary were removed, their tissue subsequently being prepared in form of histology slides and stained using haematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome. Female rats assigned to each group were mated with males; after that, crown-rump lengths and weights of newborn rats were measured. Results showed that each fraction produced some changes such as hormonal level reduction (chloroform fraction), diestrus phase prolongation and infertility (water fraction), and increase in pregnancy duration (chloroform and ether fractions). We concluded that each fraction comprises only some of the mentioned components and therefore recommended the usage of crude extract, especially the aqueous one, in case infertility aims to be induced.
Highlights
Population growth control is very important in many countries; developing family-planning programs has become fundamental
Different fractions of A. graveolens extracts did not have any significant effect on body weight and reproductive organs
In high dose groups receiving the water fraction of the aqueous plant extract, the duration of the diestrus phase of the oestrous cycle was significantly prolonged as compared to the control group
Summary
Population growth control is very important in many countries; developing family-planning programs has become fundamental. Our previous studies on dill seed aqueous and ethanol extracts showed that dill extract increases plasma progesterone concentration and the duration of the diestrus phase of the oestrous cycle (Monsefi et al, 2006a). These results suggested that dill can be used as either a regulatory agent in women having irregular periods or as an anti-fertility agent. The ultra-structural study of corpus luteum of these animals revealed smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and mitochondria increase in granulosa lutein cells,which indicates a more pronounced steroidal synthesis These changes are considered to be the reason for the progesterone levels to be high (Monsefi et al, 2006b)
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