Antiferromagnetic materials pave the path for quantum entanglement

Abstract

The application of quantum laws ensures faithful, secure and high-speed information processing and computation. Quantum entanglement is a strange superposition of states by which one can have the result of state of both particles (for bipartite system) simultaneously. There are number of quantifiers to measure the amount of quantum entanglement as required for many applications of quantum entanglement. Entanglement entropy, concurrence and the negativity in entanglement spectrum are commonly used quantifiers. The weirdness of quantum entanglement can only be met in the uncanny properties of materials. The alignment of electron’s spin in antiferromagnetic materials may result in quantum entanglement by displaying geometrical and quantum frustrations. Kitaev model and Ising models are those in which electron’s spins get frustrated due to overchoice. The bonding between spins does not tend to minimize even at extremely low temperature resulting a degenerate ground state. Hamiltonian for nearest-neighbor one-dimensional spin- ½ particle for N particles is used to show the boundary conditions to attain zero total magnetization. To prevent stabilization of low energy states against decay, material should be exposed to frustration. Entanglement Entropy of the weakly frustrated spins is discussed for ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials and found that it has nearly same value for both types of material.