Abstract
The swim bladder of the croceine croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) was believed to have good curative effects in various diseases, including amnesia, insomnia, dizziness, anepithymia, and weakness after giving birth, in traditional Chinese medicine. However, there is no research focusing on the antioxidant and anti-fatigue peptides from croceine croaker swim bladders at present. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the bioactivities of peptide fractions from the protein hydrolysate of croceine croaker related to antioxidant and anti-fatigue effects. In the study, swim bladder peptide fraction (SBP-III-3) was isolated from the protein hydrolysate of the croceine croaker, and its antioxidant and anti-fatigue activities were measured using in vitro and in vivo methods. The results indicated that SBP-III-3 exhibited good scavenging activities on hydroxyl radicals (HO•) (EC50 (the concentration where a sample caused a 50% decrease of the initial concentration of HO•) = 0.867 mg/mL), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH•) (EC50 = 0.895 mg/mL), superoxide anion radical (•) (EC50 = 0.871 mg/mL), and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical (ABTS+•) (EC50 = 0.346 mg/mL). SBP-III-3 also showed protective effects on DNA damage in a concentration-effect manner and prolonged the swimming time to exhaustion of Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice by 57.9%–107.5% greater than that of the control. SBP-III-3 could increase the levels of muscle glucose (9.4%–115.2% increase) and liver glycogen (35.7%–157.3%), and decrease the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactic acid (LA), and malondialdehyde (MDA) by 16.4%–22.4%, 13.9%–20.1%, and 28.0%–53.6%, respectively. SBP-III-3 also enhanced the activity of lactic dehydrogenase to scavenge excessive LA for slowing the development of fatigue. In addition, SBP-III-3 increased the activities superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase to reduce the reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage in mice. In conclusion, SBP-III-3 possessed good anti-fatigue capacities on mice by inhibiting the oxidative reactions and provided an important basis for developing the swim bladder peptide functional food.
Highlights
Fatigue is one of the most common and disabling non-motor problems, which generally leads to negative effects on physical and cognitive function
The result was in accordance with the previous reports that high degree of hydrolysis (DH) and low molecular weight (MW) of hydrolysates made a great contribute to their antioxidant activities including HO scavenging activity [15,16]
These results confirmed that SBP-III-3 possessed good antioxidant and anti-fatigue capacities in mice and provided an important basis for developing the swim bladder peptide served as a novel functional food
Summary
Fatigue is one of the most common and disabling non-motor problems, which generally leads to negative effects on physical and cognitive function. The “exhaustion theory” speculates that energy sources, including glucose and liver glycogen, will be exhausted during exercise, which is accompanied by physical fatigue In this theory, some studies indicated that post-exercise nutrition through the administration of proteins, saccharides, and amino acids can eliminate the accumulated harmful metabolites, repair the damage of organisms, and facilitate recovery from fatigue [3]. Some studies indicated that post-exercise nutrition through the administration of proteins, saccharides, and amino acids can eliminate the accumulated harmful metabolites, repair the damage of organisms, and facilitate recovery from fatigue [3] Compared with these nutrient substances, protein hydrolysates and peptides have been widely studied due to their potential health benefits associated with high bioactivities, low molecular weight (MW), easy absorption, and less toxicity [4,5]
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