Abstract
Antibacterial activity of organic and aqueous extracts from bark of Terminalia arjuna Roxb. was examined against diarrhea causing bacteria viz. Shigella boydii, S. dysentriae, S. flexneri, S. sonnei, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was ranged in between 187 μg/ml to 6000 μg/ml. Evaluation of phytochemicals such as carbohydrates, protein and amino acids, tannin and phenolic compounds, triterpenoids and saponin revealed their presence in all extracts. Butanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed higher zone of inhibition while methanol extract does not show any activity, signifying that the active principle responsible for antibacterial activity is more soluble in non polar solvents. Further, the butanol extract was subjected to TLC bioautography with Staphylococcus aureus, that the compounds that inhibit have similar Rf value of 0.37. All the findings demonstrate the bark extract, have a very broad spectrum activity and suggest its possible use in treatment of infectious diarrhea.
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