Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the antidiarrheal activity of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of S. ellipticum (Euphorbiaceae) (AESE). Methods : AESE was prepared by decoction of the powder from the dry stem bark of S. ellipticum. Its oral antidiarrheal effect was evaluated in vivo at the doses of 5.2, 10.4 and 20.8 mg/kg on castor oil induced diarrhea and on gastro-intestinal transit. AESE was also evaluated in vitro (0.125 – 4 mg/ml) on ileal smooth muscle motility. The acute oral toxicity of AESE (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg/kg) was also assessed in mice. Results: AESE significantly and dose dependently delayed the time of appearance of the first stools, decreased the frequency of defecation and the intestinal transit with respective percentage of 319.14, 62.50 and 36.51 % at the dose of 20.8 mg/kg in comparison with negative control (distilled water). AESE, in a concentration-dependent manner, reduced the tone and amplitude of spontaneous contractions of the ileal smooth muscle with EC50 of 33.29 and 45.43 μg/ml, respectively. None of the doses used in acute toxicity test induced any significant behavioral changes or mortality. Conclusion: These results suggest that AESE possesses antidiarrheal properties mediated at least partially by the inhibition of intestinal motility and may be devoid of acute toxicity. Keywords : Sapium ellipticum , Antidiarrheal, Intestinal transit, Spasmolytic, Acute toxicity.
Highlights
Diarrhea can be defined as an alteration in the normal bowel movement, characterized by a situation in which an adult daily stools exceeds 300 g and contains 60 – 95 % water [1]
Three months old Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus) of both sexes weighing 20-30 g, were used for acute toxicity study whereas Wistar albino rats aged 7-9 weeks and weighing 140170 g of either sex were used for antidiarrheal activity
The body weight of mice treated with the aqueous extract of S. ellipticum for 7 days did not undergo significant variation as compared with animals of the control group
Summary
Diarrhea can be defined as an alteration in the normal bowel movement, characterized by a situation in which an adult daily stools exceeds 300 g and contains 60 – 95 % water [1]. Three months old Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus) of both sexes weighing 20-30 g, were used for acute toxicity study whereas Wistar albino rats aged 7-9 weeks and weighing 140170 g of either sex were used for antidiarrheal activity These animals were raised in the animal house of the Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology of the University of Dschang (Cameroon) under natural conditions and had free access to water and food. 24 h fasted rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: Group 1 received distilled water (10 ml/kg, p.o.), group 2 received Atropine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and groups 3-5 received AESE at the doses of 5.2, 10.4 and 20.8 mg/kg per os respectively. EC50 (concentration that induced 50 % of the maximal activity) was calculated with the same software
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