Abstract
The antidiarrheal properties of 19-deoxyicetexone, a diterpenoid isolated from Salvia ballotiflora were evaluated on castor oil-, arachidonic acid (AA)- and prostaglandin (PGE2)-induced diarrhea in rodent models. The structure of 19-deoxyicetexone was determined by X-ray crystallography, mass spectrometry (EI-MS), as well as ultraviolet (UV-Vis), infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. This compound significantly and dose-dependently reduced frequency of stooling in castor oil-induced diarrhea, and at dose of 25 mg/kg it also inhibited diarrhea induced with AA, while it had no effect on PGE2-induced diarrhea. This compound at doses of 25 mg/kg also diminished castor oil-induced enteropooling and intestinal motility, and inhibited the contraction of the rats’ ileum induced by carbachol chloride at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. 19-Deoxyicetexone did not present acute toxicity at doses of 625 mg/kg. Its antidiarrheal activity may be due to increased reabsorption of NaCl and water and inhibition of the release of prostaglandins, gastrointestinal motility and fluid accumulation in the intestinal tracts of rats. These findings suggest that 19-deoxyicetexone may be used in the treatment of diarrhea, although more studies must be carried out to confirm this.
Highlights
Diarrheal disease is one of the main causes of the high mortality rate in developing countries, among children under the age of five [1]
It is important to identify and evaluate natural drugs that can be used as alternatives to commonly used antidiarrheal drugs, which are often accompanied by adverse effects such as addiction and constipation [3]
The results of the present study indicate that 19-deoxyicetexone produced a statistically significant reduction in the severity and frequency of castor oil-induced diarrhea
Summary
Diarrheal disease is one of the main causes of the high mortality rate in developing countries, among children under the age of five [1]. Diarrhea is most common in crowded living conditions coupled with poor hygiene and malnutrition [2]. Much research is being devoted to the discovery of new antidiarrheal compounds isolated from natural products. In some cases, these compounds may be more specific and less toxic than those obtained by synthesis. Numerous plants from all continents have traditionally been used in the treatment of diarrheal disease [4]
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