Abstract
This review delineates the utility of Jamun, Syzygium cumini in the treatment of diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The has been written by making thorough internet search on google scholar, PubMed, SciFinder, Science direct and many other websites. Diabetes is a common disorder inflicting children and adults equally. Diabetes mellitus is mainly of two types insulin dependent (IDDM-Type I) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM, Type II). The Type I diabetes is more common in children, whereas the Type II diabetes highly prevalent inflicting adults more. Jamun or Syzygium cumini belongs to family Myrtaceae and bears sweet fruits that are eaten as such or used to prepare juice, jam, and cookies. Jamun is considered as a Hoy tree which grows in India, Bangladesh Ceylon, Myanmar and Pakistan and is used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes. Jamun contains cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, catechins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, phenols, tannins, and saponins. In Ayurveda, Jamun has been used for the treatment of diabetes since ancient times. Numerous preclinical and clinical investigations have validated the use of Jamun as an effective treatment regimen against diabetes. Jamun inhibits different free radicals and increases phase-I enzymes and reduces lipid peroxidation. It also activates PPARα, PPARγ, and AKT, and alleviates the expression of ACC1, Foxo-1, PGC1α, Scid 1, SREPB1c, endoplasmic reticulum protein retention receptor (KEDL), and GPR98 and causes depletion in activities of glucose 6-phosphataseadenosine deaminase, 5'-nucleotidase, phosphorenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and fatty acid synthase at the molecular level that may be responsible to cure diabetic condition.
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