Abstract
BackgroundDiabetes is a major public health problem with increasing prevalence globally. Plant-based medicines for diabetes are gaining popularity across the world due to perceptions of efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness. The plant, Parinari macrophylla, has been widely reported to possess potent ethnomedicinal properties especially in the northern part of Nigeria. However, there has been no scientific documentation of this plant to be used as an antidiabetic agent. The objective of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic effect of aqueous stem bark extract of P. macrophylla in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Phytochemical screening and acute toxicity studies were conducted. Wistar rats weighing between 100 and 150 g were used for the study and diabetes was induced using alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. The animals were treated with different doses of aqueous stem bark extract of P. macrophylla (1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. Blood glucose levels and body weight were then monitored. Histopathological investigation of pancreatic tissue was also conducted.ResultsThe phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, steroids, and triterpenes as secondary metabolites. The acute toxicity test revealed no mortality with a median lethal dose determined to be above 5000 mg/kg. Although the two different doses of aqueous stem bark extract of P. macrophylla decreased blood glucose levels at weeks 1 and 2, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was only observed for the group treated with 2000 mg/kg dose compared to the diabetic control group at week 2. The histological investigation revealed that the two different doses of aqueous stem bark extract of P. macrophylla caused regeneration of pancreatic islet cells, with the 2000 mg/kg dose being more evident.ConclusionThis study suggests that the stem bark extract of P. macrophylla possesses a potent antidiabetic effect and may potentially be used to treat diabetes and associated complications.Graphical
Highlights
Diabetes is a major public health problem with increasing prevalence globally
Phytochemical constituents The phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, steroids, and triterpenes in the aqueous stem bark extract of P. macrophylla
Effect of aqueous stem bark extract of P. macrophylla on body weight Table 2 shows an increase in body weight in all the groups across the weeks except for the groups treated with 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg of aqueous stem bark extract of P. macrophylla at week 1
Summary
Diabetes is a major public health problem with increasing prevalence globally. Plant-based medicines for diabetes are gaining popularity across the world due to perceptions of efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness. The objective of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic effect of aqueous stem bark extract of P. macrophylla in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Current estimates suggest that around 463 million adults in the world are suffering from diabetes and the figure is expected to escalate to 578 million by 2030 and 700 million by 2045 [1]. It is Ibrahim et al Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2021) 7:164. 20 million adults aged 20–79 years are living with diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa, with about 60% of these undiagnosed This figure is projected to increase to 28.6 million by 2030 and 47.1 million by 2045 [1]. Diabetes is a complex chronic disorder necessitating continuous medical care with multifactorial risk-reduction strategies beyond glycemic control [7]
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