Abstract
Trigonella foenum-graecum seed powder (TSP) has been reported to have hypoglycemic and hyperinsulinemic action. The objective of the study was to examine the antidiabetic and neuroprotective role of TSP in hyperglycemiainduced alterations in blood glucose, insulin levels and activities of membrane linked enzymes (Na+K+ATPase, Ca2+ATPase), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase), calcium (Ca2+) levels, lipid peroxidation, membrane fluidity and neurolipofuscin accumulation in the diabetic rat brain. Female Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 220 g were made diabetic by a single injection of alloxan monohydrate (15 mg/100 g body weight), diabetic rats were given 2 IU insulin, per day with 5% TSP in the diet for three weeks. A significant increase in lipid peroxidation was observed in diabetic brain. The increased lipid peroxidation following chronic hyperglycemia was accompanied with a significant increase in the neurolipofuscin deposition and Ca2+ levels with decreased activities of membrane linked ATPases and antioxidant enzymes in diabetic brain. A decrease in synaptosomal membrane fluidity may influence the activity of membrane linked enzymes in diabetes. The present study showed that TSP treatment can reverse the hyperglycemia induced changes to normal levels in diabetic rat brain. TSP administration amended effect of hyperglycemia on alterations in lipid peroxidation, restoring membrane fluidity, activities of membrane bound and antioxidant enzymes, thereby ameliorating the diabetic complications.
Highlights
Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. (Leguminosae) commonly known as fenugreek, is an annual herb, widely grown in India, Egypt, and Middle Eastern countries (Alarcon-Aguilara et al, 1998)
The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-diabetic potential of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed powder (TSP) on physiological and biochemical parameters like insulin and glucose levels, membrane linked ATPases, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, membrane fluidity, intracellular calcium levels and neurolipofuscin accumulation in rat brain
Effect of TSP on general parameters There was a significant decrease in the body weight of the diabetic groups (p
Summary
Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. (Leguminosae) commonly known as fenugreek, is an annual herb, widely grown in India, Egypt, and Middle Eastern countries (Alarcon-Aguilara et al, 1998). (Leguminosae) commonly known as fenugreek, is an annual herb, widely grown in India, Egypt, and Middle Eastern countries (Alarcon-Aguilara et al, 1998). It has been extensively used as a source of antidiabetic compound, from its seeds, leaves and extracts in different model systems (Srinivasan, 2006; Losso et al, 2009; Baquer et al, 2011). Broca et al (1999) and Sauvaire et al (1998) suggested the improvement of the diabetic state, of streptozotocin treated rats, at least partly from a direct stimulating effect of 4-hydroxyisolecuine, an amino acid extracted and purified from fenugreek seeds, which displays in vitro an insulinotropic activity on beta cell function. Hyperglycemia during diabetes has been shown to generate free radicals, with concomitant increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels with correlated increase in cellular lipid peroxidation of the synaptosomal membrane and inhibition of Ca2+ATPase activity (Evcimen et al, 1999; Pekiner et al, 2005; Kamboj et al, 2009)
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