Antidiabetic activity of compounds isolated from the roots of &lt;i&gt;Premna latifolia&lt;/i&gt; Roxb

M Gowtham,I.V Asharani,M Paridhavi

doi:10.4314/tjpr.v17i5.7

Abstract

Purpose : To evaluate the hypoglycaemic activity of the ethanol extract, chloroform fraction, and three compounds isolated from Premna latifolia . Methods : The ethanol extract, chloroform fraction, and compounds 1 – 3 (isolated from the chloroform fraction) of P. latifolia were characterised by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, 13C NMR and 2D NMR). In vitro activity was assessed by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity assays. In vivo antidiabetic activity was evaluated in a streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced rat model of diabetes. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C), serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), liver enzymes, and antioxidant enzymes were determined. Liver and pancreas histopathology was assessed. Results : Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited significant hypoglycaemic activity by reducing elevated FBG and HbA1C (p ≤ 0.001) and also exerted positive effects on blood and liver enzyme profiles, which were largely altered in diabetic control group. These compounds also showed significant antioxidant activity, increasing catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase, while lowering malondialdehyde (p ≤ 0.001). The histopathology results for the rats that received these compounds suggested regeneration of pancreatic β-cells. Conclusion : Compounds 2 and 3 isolated from the dried roots of P. latifolia possess significant hypoglycaemic activity, reno- and hepatoprotective effects, and antioxidant activity. They show promise as potential treatments for patients with diabetes. Keywords : Antioxidant, Hypoglycaemic, Premna latifolia , Stigmanstan-3β-olyl n-octadec-9ʹ, 12ʹ- dienoate, n-Tetracosanol, n-Tridecanyl n-Tetracosanoate

Highlights

Diabetes mellitus is often considered the most important worldwide chronic disease of the 21st century. It is characterised by high blood glucose levels, which lead to substantial mortality and morbidity
Acarbose, which was used as the positive control, had IC50 values of 72.30 μg/mL for α-glucosidase and 88.10 μg/ml for α-amylase, under similar assay conditions. These results reveal the in vitro antidiabetic activity of P. latifolia root extract
The present study focused on evaluating the hypoglycaemic activity of three compounds isolated from P. latifolia, along with its ethanolic extract and chloroform fraction

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Diabetes mellitus is often considered the most important worldwide chronic disease of the 21st century It is characterised by high blood glucose levels, which lead to substantial mortality and morbidity. Current oral hypoglycaemic medications have potential side effects, such as weight gain, gastrointestinal symptoms, hematologic adverse effects, and liver or kidney dysfunction. Medicinal herbs are becoming increasingly used as more people seek relatively safe remedies [2] Exploring these natural products through pharmacologic experimenttation, including modification and derivatization, represents a major strategy for developing new drugs. Rechromatography using preparative TLC on silica gel G (for TLC) in the presence of toluene:ethylacetate (9.3:0.7) as the mobile phase

Evaluation of in vitro antidiabetic activity

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

Conflict of interest