Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is one of the largest global health problems demanding preventive and new therapeutic interventions. Currently, there is a need for safe, effective, and less costly antidiabetic medications, and investigating medicinal plants for new antidiabetic medication is an interesting research area. Thus, the present study was done to evaluate the antidiabetic activities of 80% methanolic leaf extract of Calpurnia aurea (Ait.) Benth. subspecies aurea (Fabaceae) in mice. Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity of the three doses (100mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg) of crude hydromethanolic leaf extract was studied on normoglycemic, oral glucose loaded, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice models. The effect of the extract on body weight and diabetic dyslipidemia was also studied on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) was used as a standard drug in all cases. A glucose meter and an automated chemistry analyzer were used to measure blood glucose and serum lipid level respectively. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc multiple comparison test. All the three doses of the plant extract (100mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg) showed a significant (p<0.05) antihyperglycemic activity in the diabetic mice at the 7th and 14th day of repeated daily dose administration as compared to the negative diabetic control. But, the extract did not show significant blood glucose lowering activity in normoglycemic, oral glucose loaded, and diabetic mice after single dose administration, and it did not significantly improve the body weight loss and diabetic dyslipidemia of diabetic mice after repeated daily dose administration for 14 days. This study revealed that the hydromethanolic extract of Calpurnia aurea leaves possesses significant antihyperglycemic activity justifying the traditional use of the plant for diabetes.

Highlights

  • Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with abnormal carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both [1]

  • Diabetic dyslipidemia is mainly characterized by higher serum levels of triglyceride (TG), lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and high small dense LDL levels [6, 7]

  • There was no significant difference in baseline blood glucose level (BGL) across groups just before the administration of distilled water (DW), Calpurnia aurea leaf extract (CALE) and glibenclamide (Table 2)

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Summary

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with abnormal carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both [1]. The estimated number of people aged between 20 and 79 years with diabetes worldwide in 2015 was 415 million [2]. The global prevalence of DM is expected to rise to 552 million by 2030 [3]. 5 million people aged between 20 and 79 years died from diabetes in 2015, one death every six seconds. It was estimated that 12% of the global health expenditure was spent on diabetes in 2015 [2]. At least USD 376 billion was spent on DM in 2010, and this global expenditure is expected to reach USD 490 billion in 2030 [4]. Diabetic dyslipidemia is mainly characterized by higher serum levels of triglyceride (TG), lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and high small dense LDL levels [6, 7]

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