Antidepressant Effects and Potential Targets of Deep Brain Stimulation

Abstract

A serious health issue that affects people all over the world, severe depressive illness is linked to intricate neuronal circuits and neuromodulatory systems. Millions of people are affected by its increasing frequency, which places a heavy economic strain on society. Innovative methods are required because of the drawbacks of standard therapies, such as antidepressants and invasive operations. Deep brain stimulation has shown promise in the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) since it is minimally invasive and has the opportunity for personalised care. Finding the best sites for deep brain stimulation is still difficult, though. Recent innovations, such brain biomarker-based Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) device customization, offer fresh approaches to enhancing therapeutic effects. The present status of DBS for MDD is discussed in this study, with a focus on prospective target regions such the subcingulate colliculus (SCG), medial forebrain bundle (MFB), and bed nucleus of striatal terminal area (BNST). Modern methods like functional connectivity analysis and probabilistic stimulus mapping show probable brain regions linked to therapeutic improvement.