Abstract
Behavioral disorders affect most diabetic patients and Zinc (Zn) has been used among adjuvant therapies for involvement in the etiology of depression and anxiety, however, the results are still controversial. The objective of this study was to compare the antidepressant, anxiolytic and neuroprotective activity of the supplementation of two Zn compounds in an animal model of Diabetes Mellitus type 1 (DM1). Thirty-eight (38) adult rats were randomized into four groups: Control (C; n = 8); Diabetic (D; n = 10); Diabetic Zn Sulfate Supplement (DSZ; n = 10) and Diabetic Zn Gluconate Supplement (DGZ; n = 10). The DSZ group received Zn sulfate supplementation and the DGZ group received Zn gluconate supplementation at a dose of 15 mg/kg for 4 weeks. Data (mean ±SEM) were analyzed by the Mann–Whitney test with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results indicate that Zn gluconate supplementation in diabetic animals presented an antidepressant effect demonstrated through the results obtained in the Forced Swim Test, and neuroprotective effect by attenuating alterations in the cerebral cortex; while Zn sulfate supplementation in diabetic animals showed an anxiolytic effect demonstrated by the results obtained in the open field test and the elevated plus maze test. Considering the set of results, supplementation with both zinc compounds showed neurobehavioral benefits in diabetic animals with different effects depending on the type of anion associated with Zn.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) is a chronic disease characterized by insulin deficiency due to pancreatic β-cell loss and leads to hyperglycemia (American Diabetes Association, 2017)
The study highlights the importance of zinc supplementation in the attenuated of common behavioral disorders, depression and anxiety in diabetes
Zn gluconate supplementation in diabetic animals reduced the time of passive behavior characterized by the animal’s immobility (116.6 ± 10.29 versus 164.4 ± 8.63 s, p < 0.05) and increased swimming time (24.12 ± 4.91 versus 11.5 ± 3.62 s, p < 0.05), both compared to group D (Figure 1)
Summary
Diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) is a chronic disease characterized by insulin deficiency due to pancreatic β-cell loss and leads to hyperglycemia (American Diabetes Association, 2017). Studies have shown that DM is related to an increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders, among which depression and anxiety (Rotella and Mannucci, 2013; Petrak et al, 2015) are noteworthy. Neuro Activities of Zinc in Diabetes enormous personal suffering and increased risk of mortality (Lépine and Briley, 2011). This disorder has been postulated to play a causal role in DM, and an increased risk has been reported in 60% of depressive individuals in developing this disease (Balhara, 2011). The prevalence of anxiety disorders among diabetic patients is considerably higher compared to the general population (Huang et al, 2012)
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