Abstract
Anti-dentin autoantibodies are associated with inflammatory root resorption in permanent teeth and are modulated by dental trauma and orthodontic force. However, it is not known whether deciduous tooth trauma can stimulate the development of a humoral immune response against dentin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of salivary SIgA reactivity against human dentin extract in young adults with a history of trauma in the primary dentition. A sample of 78 patients, aged 18 to 25, who had completed an early childhood (0 to 5 years old) caries prevention program years earlier at the Universidade Estadual de Londrina Pediatric Clinic, underwent radiographic examination and salivary sampling. Anti-dentin SIgA levels were analyzed by immunoenzymatic assay and Western blotting. Although dental trauma to deciduous teeth had occurred in 34 (43.6%) of the patients, no differences in SIgA levels were detected between individuals who had experienced trauma and those who had not (p > 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed no association between dental trauma and SIgA levels (p > 0.05). Patients with a history of deciduous trauma presented low levels of anti-dentin antibodies, associated with orthodontic root resorption (p < 0.05). Western blot analysis showed that salivary antibodies recognized a single band of approximately 45 kDa in dentin extract. We concluded that salivary SIgA recognizes a specific component of the dentin matrix and that anti-dentin antibodies were not triggered by trauma to primary teeth. However, trauma to deciduous teeth may down-modulate SIgA in response to orthodontic root response.
Highlights
Dental trauma in deciduous teeth is highly prevalent in pediatric clinics and can involve sequelae and complications in both deciduous and permanent dentition
This hypothesis is corroborated by clinical studies reporting increased anti-dentin antibody levels in patients with replacement root resorption[6] and in patients who are susceptible to orthodontic root resorption.[7]
Our results suggest that dental trauma in primary teeth is not a long-lasting stimulus for increased production of anti-dentin salivary IgA (SIgA) antibodies
Summary
Dental trauma in deciduous teeth is highly prevalent in pediatric clinics and can involve sequelae and complications in both deciduous and permanent dentition. The biological mechanism of pathological root resorption has not yet been completely elucidated, and individual susceptibility to root resorption may be associated with an autoimmune response to the dentin matrix.[4,5,6,7] Differences in anti-dentin antibody levels have been found in experimentally induced root resorption in rodents[4,5] and in patients with root resorption after dental trauma to permanent teeth or orthodontically induced root resorption.[6,7] High levels of anti-dentin antibodies were found in patients with root resorption due to dental trauma in permanent teeth,[6] as well as in patients with an increased risk to orthodontic root resorption.[7] These results suggest that a specific immune response to dentin antigens may play a role in the root resorption of permanent teeth. Effector mechanisms of the immune response and autoimmunity have been described during resorption of mineralized tissues such as bone matrix.[8]
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