Antidementia Effects of Alternanthera philoxeroides in Ovariectomized Mice Supported by NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis.

Charinya Khamphukdee,Orawan Monthakantirat,Anake Kijjoa,Chantana Boonyarat,Possatorn Aon-Im,Yaowared Chulikhit,Yutthana Chotritthirong,Nazim Sekeroglu,Prathan Luecha,Juthamart Maneenet,Supawadee Daodee

doi:10.3390/molecules26092789

Charinya Khamphukdee, Orawan Monthakantirat + Show 9 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092789

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Abstract

The crude ethanol extract of the whole plant of Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb was investigated for its potential as antidementia, induced by estrogen deprivation, based on in vitro antioxidant activity, β-amyloid aggregation inhibition and cholinesterase inhibitory activity, as well as in vivo Morris water maze task (MWMT), novel object recognition task (NORT), and Y-maze task. To better understand the effect of the extract, oxidative stress-induced brain membrane damage through lipid peroxidation in the whole brain was also investigated. Additionally, expressions of neuroinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and estrogen receptor-mediated facilitation genes such as PI3K and AKT mRNA in the hippocampus and frontal cortex were also evaluated. These effects were confirmed by the determination of its serum metabolites by NMR metabolomic analysis. Both the crude extract of A. philoxeroides and its flavone constituents were found to inhibit β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation.

Highlights

IntroductionOrganization (WHO) estimates that 1.2 billion women will be at 50 years or over by the year 2030, which is nearly three times more than those of the year 1990
Introduction published maps and institutional affilNowadays, aging of the population is increasing very steeply and the World HealthOrganization (WHO) estimates that 1.2 billion women will be at 50 years or over by the year 2030, which is nearly three times more than those of the year 1990
The current study reveals that Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb is able to cause neurodegenerative changes in novel object recognition task (NORT) and the Y-maze task, respectively

Summary

Introduction

Organization (WHO) estimates that 1.2 billion women will be at 50 years or over by the year 2030, which is nearly three times more than those of the year 1990. Millions of women undergo profound physiological changes, known as menopause, with a dramatic decrease in estrogen level [1]. Numerous studies reported that senile dementialike behaviors in both female rodent studies and in clinical trial studies are associated with the lack of estrogen, which can be protected by early hormone replacement therapy [2]. Epidemiological studies suggest that decreased concentration of estrogen after menopause may be responsible for a higher prevalence and greater severity of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in women than in men [3]. AD is the most common form of dementia which is characterized by neurodegenerative and neuronal death from neurotoxicity, β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, a product of the membrane-bound amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaved iations.

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