Abstract

Antibody detection plays an important role in diagnosis and classification of autoimmune hepatitis. Antibodies to soluble liver antigen are considered to be a specific marker of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Their detection is of interest in patients who are negative for conventional markers of the disease (antinuclear antibodies and anti-smooth muscle antibodies reacting specifically against actin cables). Actually, these antibodies allow us to reclassify as type 1 autoimmune hepatitis, 15 to 20% of hepatitis regarded as cryptogenic. The pronostic value of antibodies to soluble liver antigen has seldom been studied and is controversial. They might be used to evaluate the risk of relapse of the inflammatory process after corticosteroid therapy and to recurrence of autoimmune hepatitis after orthotopic liver transplantation. La recherche des anticorps est une aide précieuse au diagnostic des hépatites auto-immunes et permet leur classification. Les anticorps anti-antigènes solubles du foie ou anti-soluble liver antigen sont considérés comme des marqueurs très spécifiques de l’hépatite auto-immune de type 1. Leur recherche est particulièrement importante chez les patients qui ne présentent pas les marqueurs classiques de la maladie que sont les anticorps antinucléaires et les anticorps anti-muscle lisse de spécificité anti-câble d’actine. En effet, ces anticorps permettent de reclasser 15 à 20 % des hépatites cryptogéniques en hépatites auto-immunes de type 1. Leur intérêt pronostique, moins étudié, est plus controversé. Les anticorps anti-soluble liver antigen pourraient peut-être permettre d’évaluer le risque de rechute à l’arrêt du traitement et, pour les patients transplantés, le risque de récidive de l’hépatite auto-immune.

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