Abstract
<p><em>Gmelina arborea </em>Roxb. (Verbenaceae) is greatly valued plant reported in Indian traditional system of medicine for various ailments. In this study, anticonvulsant and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of stems (MES) of <em>Gmelina arborea </em>Roxb. was investigated. Protective effects were evaluated in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) (60 mg/kg, s.c.) and strychnine (STR) (2 mg/kg, i.p.) induced seizure models in adult albino mice (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) using diazepam as a standard.</p><p>Total phenolics and flavonoids content in MES were determined and antioxidant activity was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2- picryl- hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, scavenging of hydrogen peroxide and through reducing power assay. The onset and duration of seizures (tonic-clonic convulsions), mortality rate and number of mice convulsing or not convulsing within the observation period were noted in PTZ and STR induced seizure models<strong>. </strong>MES showed good reductive capability and free radical scavenging effects with IC<sub>50</sub> 47.47 µg/ml for DPPH radical assay and 97.33 µg/ml for hydrogen peroxidescavenging in a dose dependent manner.MES at the dose of 500 mg/kg, exhibited maximum delay in onset of convulsions (8.188 min in PTZ and 11.81 min in STR induced seizures) in both the models with increased latency period.</p><p>The suppression of seizures by MES (500 mg/kg) might be observed due to enhanced gamma amino butyric acid neurotransmission in PTZ induced animals. The constituents of MES might also have glycine inhibitory potential to impart protection in STR induces seizures in our study. Further considerable presence of flavonoids and phenolic have provided good antioxidant activity as a supportive underlying mechanism for anticonvulsant effects. This study justifies the multilevel therapeutic uses of stem bark and heartwood of <em>G. arborea</em> in Indian system of medicine.</p>
Highlights
GrAeBdAuecrgtiivcesycsatepmab. iTlihtey taensdt dfruegearlasdoiicnahlisbcitaevdetnhgeinagpoemffeorcptshiwneitihndICu5c0e4d7c.l4im7bμingg/manldfostreDrePoPtHypreaddbiceahlaavsiosrayanadnsdh9o7w.e3d3 μg/ml for sihgnyidfircoagnetlny preedruocxeiddelesvcealvseonfgbinrgainindaodpoamseindee,pneonraddernetnmaliannenaenrd
Results of phytochemical analysis revealed that methanol extract of stems showed considerable amount of flavonoids and phenolics which may be responsible for observed antioxidant and anticonvulsant activities of MES
Anti-oxidant activity and protective effects of methanol extract of stems against seizures induced by PTZ and STR were evaluated
Summary
GrAeBdAuecrgtiivcesycsatepmab. iTlihtey taensdt dfruegearlasdoiicnahlisbcitaevdetnhgeinagpoemffeorcptshiwneitihndICu5c0e4d7c.l4im7bμingg/manldfostreDrePoPtHypreaddbiceahlaavsiosrayanadnsdh9o7w.e3d3 μg/ml for sihgnyidfircoagnetlny preedruocxeiddelesvcealvseonfgbinrgainindaodpoamseindee,pneonraddernetnmaliannenaenrd. Good free radical scavenging activity and considerable amount of flavonoids and phenolics in the extracts might have contributed in protection offered with good anticonvulsant effects. 24 Anticonvulsant and antioxidant activity of Gmelina arborea stems natural sources for treatment of the epileptic seizures in order to find safe and effective lead compounds for the treatment of this debilitating neurological disorder. In this regard, medicinal plants with potential antiepileptic activity would be important source for development of newer drugs with possibly lesser side effects [2]. Natural products from folk remedies have contributed significantly in the discovery of modern drugs with better safety and efficacy profiles compared to the conventional medicines [2, 3]
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